Author: Robert Zimmerman

April 27, 2025 Quick space links

3:13 pm

Courtesy of BtB’s stringer Jay. This post is also an open thread. I welcome my readers to post any comments or additional links relating to any space issues, even if unrelated to the links below.

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Hubble snaps picture of barred spiral galaxy

10:04 am

A barred spiral galaxy as seen by Hubble
Click for original image.

Cool image time! While NASA celebrates the 35th anniversary of the Hubble Space Telescope with photos from its past, astronomers continue to use it to produce new wonders. The picture to the right, cropped, reduced, and sharpened to post here, was taken by Hubble recently and released today.

NGC 5335 is categorized as a flocculent spiral galaxy with patchy streamers of star formation across its disk. There is a striking lack of well-defined spiral arms that are commonly found among galaxies, including our Milky Way. A notable bar structure slices across the center of the galaxy. The bar channels gas inwards toward the galactic center, fueling star formation. Such bars are dynamic in galaxies and may come and go over two-billion-year intervals. They appear in about 30 percent of observed galaxies, including our Milky Way.

The theorized formation process of that bar is based on computer modeling using the limited data we presently have, and thus carries a great deal of uncertainty.

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NASA re-releases a slew of Hubble images to celebrate its 35th anniversary

9:23 am

Eta Carina, in focus, after 1993 repair mission
Eta Carina, in focus, after 1993 repair mission

As part of its celebration of the telescope’s 35th anniversary, NASA on April 25, 2025 re-released what it called 27 key images from the history of the Hubble Space Telescope.

More than half the images are historical, showing the telescope’s conception by astrophysicist Lyman Spitzer, its construction, its launch in 1990, and its repair in 1993 of its faulty optics. The subsequent sharp astronomical images include only a few of Hubble’s most famous and significant later photographs, including the first Hubble Deep Field, the Hourglass planetary nebula, and the Pillars of Creation snapshot.

What NASA did not include in this collection however was without doubt to those alive at the time after Hubble was finally repaired its most historically significant photo. That picture is to the right. It shows the exploding star Eta Carina as taken by Hubble in 1993 right after its repair.

For the very first time, we had a telescope above the Earth’s fuzzy atmosphere capable of taking sharp in-focus images of the mysteries of the heavens. And for the first time, we could see in this star its actual nature. It wasn’t simply surrounded by a pretty cloud — as all previous ground-based images had suggested — that cloud was formed by eruptions from the star itself. Those earlier eruptions, which had occurred in the previous century, had spewed from the star’s poles, forming two bi-polar clouds that were expanding away from the star most dramatically.

In the three decades since astronomers have used Hubble and its later upgraded cameras to track those expanding clouds, with the most recent photo taken in 2019. Hubble has shown that such massive heavenly objects are not static, but evolving, and with the right high resolution telescopes in space we can track that evolution, in real time.

At the moment no comparable replacement of Hubble is planned, or even on the drawing board. The Einstein space telescope, just launched, will provide magnificent optical images at a slight lower resolution. So will China’s planned Xuntian space telescope, set for launch in 2027. Neither however matches Hubble’s capabilities.

And Hubble is now long past its original lifespan of fifteen years. Though engineers say it is in good shape, this is not true. It presently has only two trustworthy working gyroscopes. To extend its lift, the telescope is operated on only one gyroscope, with a second held back in reserve. When these go, however, so will Hubble.

Meanwhile, the astronomy community continues to put most of its energy in building giant ground-based telescopes that not only cannot match Hubble but are threatened by the coming wave of new communication constellations. Do they rethink their approach and shift to orbital astronomy?

Nah. Instead, the astronomical community demands new powers to to ban those constellations!

Of all people, one would think astronomers more than anyone else would not put their head in the sand. But that’s what they continue to do.

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China and SpaceX complete launches

8:39 am

Both China and SpaceX completed launches yesterday. First, China placed what its state-run press called “a data relay” satellite into orbit, its Long March 3B rocket lifting off from its Xichang spaceport in southwest China.

No word on where there rocket’s lower stages and four strap-on boosters crashed inside China. All use very toxic hypergolic fuels.

Next SpaceX launched 23 more Starlink satellites, including 13 configured for cell-to-satellite service, its Falcon 9 rocket lifting off from Cape Canaveral in Florida. The first stage completed its 20th flight, landing on a drone ship in the Atlantic.

The leaders in the 2025 launch race:

48 SpaceX
22 China
5 Rocket Lab
5 Russia

SpaceX now leads the rest of the world in successful launches, 48 to 37, with three more launches scheduled for later today. China will use its Long March 5B, its largest rocket, to launch a set of communications satellites, SpaceX will launch another set of Starlink satellites, and ULA will make its second attempt to launch Amazon’s first set of Kuiper internet satellites, the first launch scrubbed due to weather.

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Axiom replaces its CEO

2:42 pm

In a move that apparently promotes one of its most productive managers, space station startup Axiom has now picked Tejpaul Bhatia, its chief financial officer for the past four years, to take over as the company’s CEO.

The choice seems sound, considering what Bhatia has done already for the company.

Ghaffarian cited Bhatia’s work as chief revenue officer at Axiom as a key reason to make him CEO. Axiom noted in a statement that Bhatia secured more than $1 billion in contracts since joining Axiom, including overseeing the company’s series of private astronaut missions to the International Space Station.

…Bhatia came to Axiom from Google, where he was involved in its cloud computing business. He earlier founded and led several startups and worked on ESPN’s video streaming business.

Considering other rumors that suggest the company has been experiencing cash flow issues, this pick might be aimed at alleviating those issues.

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April 25, 2025 Quick space links

3:26 pm

Courtesy of BtB’s stringer Jay. This post is also an open thread. I welcome my readers to post any comments or additional links relating to any space issues, even if unrelated to the links below.

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Axiom signs deal with medical company to do diabetes monitor research on its next manned mission to ISS

11:53 am

Axiom today announced it has signed a deal with the medical company Burjeel Holdings to fly and test a glucose monitor during its May 2025 AX-4 manned mission to ISS.

The Ax-4 mission will utilize Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs), which have become the standard for glucose monitoring in individuals with diabetes. These devices will be tested to ensure their accuracy in microgravity, providing real-time data that will ultimately support the health of astronauts with insulin-dependent diabetes.The comprehensive preflight, inflight, and post flight protocols will employ various testing methods to validate these technologies. The Ax-4 mission also plans to look at insulin exposure in microgravity to assess the potency and stability of the drug product upon its return to Earth.

Testing the behavior of CGMs and insulin delivery technologies in microgravity and with circadian rhythm disruption is expected to advance the understanding of how such innovations can improve diabetes monitoring and care in remote or under served areas on Earth. Experts say this research will lay the groundwork for managing diabetes in isolated locations, such as oil rigs, deserts, or rural regions.

These tests will also make it possible for people who have diabetes to go into space. For Axiom, this will help widen its customer base. For Burjeel it proves its monitors can work in many remote and hostile environments, also widening its customer base.

Hat tip BtB’s stringer Jay, who adds that “This is cool since this is two companies and no NASA/government involvement.”

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Curiosity’s recent travels as seen from orbit

11:42 am

The view of Curiosity from orbit
Click for original image.

Oveview map
Click for interactive map.

Cool image time! Using Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), scientists have captured a very cool image of Curiosity in its recent travels on Mars. That picture is above, reduced and sharpened to post here.

Taken by the HiRISE (High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) camera aboard NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, the image shows Curiosity as a dark speck at the front of a long trail of rover tracks. Likely to last for months before being erased by wind, the tracks span about 1,050 feet (320 meters). They represent roughly 11 drives starting on Feb. 2 as Curiosity trucked along at a top speed of 0.1 mph (0.16 kph) from Gediz Vallis channel on the journey to its next science stop: a region with potential boxwork formations, possibly made by groundwater billions of years ago.

The overview map to the right provides some context. Curiosity’s present position is indicated by the blue dot. The yellow lines indicate the approximate section of its past travels photographed by the picture above.

According to the press release at the link, the science team is now estimating the rover will arrive at the boxwork geology in about a month.

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Your smartphone apps are tracking you

10:36 am

The smart phone: A proven tool for spying
The smart phone: A proven tool for spying

Just one more reason I don’t own a smartphone: Researchers have now found that though there is no evidence that big software companies like Facebook and Google are tracking your smartphone conversations, the data instead shows that the many apps you routinely install on your phone are spying on you quite extensively by periodically taking screenshots of things you look at and sending those images to third parties.

“There were no audio leaks at all – not a single app activated the microphone,” said Christo Wilson, a computer scientist working on the project. “Then we started seeing things we didn’t expect. Apps were automatically taking screenshots of themselves and sending them to third parties. In one case, the app took video of the screen activity and sent that information to a third party.”

Out of over 17,000 Android apps examined, more than 9,000 had potential permissions to take screenshots. And a number of apps were found to actively be doing so, taking screenshots and sending them to third-party sources. “That has the potential to be much worse than having the camera taking pictures of the ceiling or the microphone recording pointless conversations,” said David Choffnes, another computer scientists working on the project. “There is no easy way to close this privacy opening.”

Doing this kind of spying is simply unethical, but it is also now routine in our increasingly unethical culture. What makes it worse is that I expect few will react in any way to this information. People will shrug and continue to install apps casually, accepting the fact that they are now merely a tool that someone else can manipulate.

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Rocket startup MaiaSpace picks Polish institute to build its rocket’s upper stage engine

10:24 am

The smallsat rocket startup MaiaSpace has selected Poland’s Łukasiewicz Research Network’s Institute of Aviation to develop the engine that will power its Maia rocket’s top stage, used to put satellites into their final orbit.

In a 23 April update, the Łukasiewicz Research Network’s Institute of Aviation (Łukasiewicz–ILOT) announced that it had been selected by MaiaSpace to develop a rocket engine to power Maia’s Colibri kick stage. According to the announcement, the engine will be based on technology developed by Łukasiewicz–ILOT as part of its Green Bipropellant Apogee Rocket Engine (GRACE) initiative, a project financed by the European Space Agency under the Future Launchers Preparatory Programme.

Each new engine will be capable of producing 420 newtons of thrust, with a cluster of these engines powering the Colibri kick stage. However, the update did not specify how many engines would make up the cluster

MaiaSpace had previously indicated it was building its own Colibri kick stage engine. It appears that it has now decided to hire Lukasiewicz to do it instead.

The significance here is not this specific decision, but how it involves two different European commercial entities with no managerial input from the European Space Agency or any government agency. It really does appear that Europe’s aerospace industry has completely freed itself from the dictates of those government apparachiks.

MaiaSpace hopes to complete the first launch of Maia in 2026.

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Trump cuts apparently shutting down NASA’s climate office in New York

9:45 am

Schmidt's data tampering, as documented in 2017
Schmidt’s data tampering, as documented in 2016.

As part of the Trump administration’s aggressive effort to trim the federal budget as well as shift the research focus at the federal government’s many science agencies, on April 24, 2025 it revealed that it has canceled the building lease for the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York that has existed since 1961 and in 2016 and 2017 was found to be tampering with past climate data with no explanation, lowering past temperature numbers while raising more recent ones in order to make the data fit the as-yet unproven theory that human activity is causing global warming.

Those “adjustments” have never been justified in any way. Nor has Gavin Schmidt, the man who heads GISS, ever done anything to correct them. Moreover, when his office was accused of this tampering in 2016 he not only refused to fix or justify the changes, he responded by claiming “planetary warming does not care about the election.” In the years since it has been his office that annually declares each year “the hottest on record,” using these tampered numbers to do so and demonstrating that he has been acting not as a real researcher but as a political operative of the global warming crowd.

Though the office lease is being canceled, GISS has not been shut down, as of now.

While NASA is terminating the lease on the GISS offices, it is not closing the institute itself. Lystrup said in the email that it will help employees move “to remote work agreements in the short-term as the agency seeks a new, permanent space for the team.”

I suspect this statement is merely designed by Trump officials to dampen the screams of opposition against its actions. It is very likely GISS is going away, and most of its employees will have to find new jobs.

The hope is that new scientists can be hired to review these tampered numbers and get them fixed so that climate research in the future can proceed with reliable data.

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April 24, 2025 Quick space links

3:22 pm

Courtesy of BtB’s stringer Jay. This post is also an open thread. I welcome my readers to post any comments or additional links relating to any space issues, even if unrelated to the links below.

7 comments

A telescope picture of blackness

2:59 pm

A dust cloud in space
Click for original image.

Cool image time! The picture to the right, cropped, reduced, and sharpened to post here, was released today by the science team running the Dark Energy Camera on the Blanco 4-meter telescope in Chile.

This winding, shadowy form, accentuated by a densely-packed starry background, is the Circinus West molecular cloud — a region rich in gas and dust and known for its host of newly formed stars. Molecular Clouds, the cradles of star formation, are interstellar clouds that are so dense and cold that atoms within them bond with each other to form molecules. Some, such as Circinus West, are so dense that light cannot pass through, giving them a dark, mottled appearance and earning them the name dark nebulae. The cloud’s flourishing population of young stars has offered astronomers a wealth of insight into the processes driving star formation and molecular cloud evolution.

…Circinus West is known for harboring dozens of young stellar objects — stars that are in their early stages of development. Despite being shrouded in dense gas and dust, these infant stars make themselves known. Zooming in, various clues to their presence can be seen dotted throughout Circinus West’s snaking tendrils.

The cloud is about 2,500 light years away and is estimated to be about 180 light years across. Scientists estimate the mass in the cloud to be about 250,000 times that of the Sun.

No one however would ever even know this cloud existed if it wasn’t back dropped by thick field of stars behind it.

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Ispace’s Resilience lunar lander completes all maneuvers prior to entering lunar orbit

1:43 pm

Map of lunar landing sites
Landing sites for both Firefly’s Blue Ghost and
Ispace’s Resilience

The Japanese startup Ispace today announced that its Resilience lunar lander — launched on a Falcon 9 to the Moon in January — has now completed all the orbital maneuvers required to send it on a path to enter lunar orbit in early May.

Ispace engineers performed the final orbit maneuver from the Mission Control Center in Nihonbashi, Tokyo, Japan in accordance with the mission operation plan. In total, the RESILIENCE lunar lander has completed 8 orbit control maneuvers. RESILIENCE is now maintaining a stable attitude in its planned orbit and mission operations specialists are now preparing for the Mission 2 milestone Success 7, “Entering Lunar Orbit.” The RESILIENCE lander is expected to enter lunar orbit on May 7, 2025.

The map to the right shows the landing zone, near the top of Moon’s near hemisphere in the region of Figoris Mare. The landing will occur a week or so after orbital insertion, after the company’s engineers have fully assessed the situation.

The rover carries eight commercial payloads, including its own Tenacious mini-rover, as well as a “water electrolyzer” from a Japanese company, a “food production experiment” from another company, and a “deep space radiation probe” from the National Central University of Taiwan.

Resilience’s main purpose however remains to prove the company can build and successfully soft land on the Moon. Its only previous attempt, Hakuto-R1, crashed in Atlas Crater. Despite that failure Ispace has won a contract each from NASA and Japan to launch additional lunar landers, so a success here is critical for the company’s future.

Hat tip BtB’s stringer Jay.

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Viasat wins contract to build ESA lunar communications constellation

1:20 pm

As part of a larger European Space Agency (ESA)) project, Viasat has won an ESA contract to build a communications constellation that will orbit the Moon.

Viasat will be responsible for the design and development of the communication network and will lead the definition of the end-to-end communications services: aiming to provide a communications network for lunar landers, rovers, orbiters, and other technology. Viasat will also be responsible for the communication earth ground infrastructure and communication lunar surface user terminals. Telespazio, as Moonlight program lead, has executed a contract with Viasat for the initial design phase of the communication system. This work will be fully funded by the European Space Agency throughout Phase 1.

The UK Space Agency, as one of the major contributors to ESA’s Moonlight program, selected Viasat to lead the UK ecosystem to deliver the communications capability. Moonlight services will be deployed in phases, targeting initial capability at the end of 2028 with full operations aimed by 2030.

It does seem that there are a lot of competing communications/navigation constellations under development, from China, Europe, and the U.S. It also appears that there is far less coordination between them then there should be.

Hat tip BtB’s stringer Jay.

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China accelerates its schedule for its upcoming Moon/Mars missions while admitting its lunar base will take longer

10:58 am

Phase I of China/Russian Lunar base roadmap
The original phase I plan of Chinese-Russian lunar
base plan, from June 2021.

The new colonial movement: In several different reports today in China’s state-run press — timed to coincide with the launch of three astronauts to Tiangong-3 — Chinese officials confirmed that it has moved up the planned launch dates for both its first lunar rover as well as its Mars sample return mission, and it is also expanding its offers to the international community to partner on those missions.

At the same time it let slip the fact that it will not be establishing its lunar base on the Moon in 2030, as previously claimed. Moreover, note how this so-called accelerated schedule of lunar missions is actually behind the announced timetable outlined by China and Russia in 2021, as shown on the right. None will fly by this year, as promised.

As for the news today, first China announced that its Tianwen-3 Mars sample return mission will launch in 2028.
» Read more

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A Malaysian state plans spaceport, working in partnership with China

10:00 am

Proposed spaceports in Malaysia
Proposed spaceports in Malaysia

According to an report out of Malaysia yesterday, the Malaysian state of Pahang has initiated a one year study to build a spaceport off its eastern coast near the town of Nensasi, working in partnership with China.

“On April 15, PKNP [Pahang State Development Corporation] signed a letter of intent with China Great Wall Industry Corporation (CGWIC) and Lestari Angkasa Sdn Bhd to establish a strategic collaboration in the space technology sector. “Next month, PKNP and Lestari Angkasa will visit Wenchang Space City in Hainan, China, to hold further discussions on the Pahang International Spaceport project,” he said during the Pahang state assembly session today.

This is the second Malaysian state to propose its own spaceport. In January the eastern state of Sabah began its own study, working in partnership with the Ukraine.

The partnership with China is worrisome for the U.S., as it is very likely that China will arrange use of that spaceport for its own purposes. It will also use its presence there to access and steal any technology brought by other western companies or nations should they launch there as well.

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China launches three astronauts to Tiangong-3 space station

9:42 am

China today successfully launched a new crew of three astronauts for a six-month mission on its Tiangog-3 space station, its Long March 2F rocket lifting off from its Jiuquan spaceport in northwest China.

The crew’s Shenzhou capsule will dock autonomously with the station later today. This was China’s fifteenth manned mission and ninth to the station, which it has now occupied continuously for more than three and a half years.

The rocket’s core stage and four strap-on boosters crashed somewhere inside China. No word on where or whether they crashed near any habitable areas.

The leaders in the 2025 launch race:

46 SpaceX
21 China
5 Rocket Lab
5 Russia

SpaceX now leads the rest of the world in successful launches, 46 to 36.

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April 23, 2025 Quick space links

3:20 pm

Courtesy of BtB’s stringer Jay. This post is also an open thread. I welcome my readers to post any comments or additional links relating to any space issues, even if unrelated to the links below.

9 comments

Eroding lava layers in Mars’ volcano country

11:40 am

Eroding lava in Mars' volcano country
Click for original image.

Cool image time! The picture to the right, cropped, reduced, and sharpened to post here, was taken on February 28, 2025 by the high resolution camera on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO).

The scientists label this picture “enigmatic terrain.” And there are certainly mysteries here. For example, why are there scattered tiny knobs across the surface in the low areas, but not on the higher areas? Also, what caused that top layer to get stripped in places? Was it erosion from wind? Or did some other process cause that layer to vanish in these spots?

Note too that this landscape has few craters. Whatever happened here occurred recently enough that it was able to cover over the impact history from the early solar system that peppered the planets with craters as the planets formed. Though impacts continue even to this day, the impact rate is far less, which allows younger terrain like this to remain largely crater free.

The location provides us some answers, but it still leaves much of this geology a puzzlement.
» Read more

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More wheel damage detected on Curiosity

10:21 am

Increased wheel damage on Curiosity
Click for the Sol 4518 original image.

In a set of new pictures taken of Curiosity’s wheels yesterday it appears that the damage to those wheels has increased significantly in the past year, with the most damaged wheel (which based on contradictory science team reports is either the middle left or middle right wheel), having more had more sections broken to the point where this wheel might even fail in the near future.

The pictures to the right show these changes. The treads, called grousers, have been numbered to make the comparisons easier. The bottom two pictures were taken in September 2024, and look at this wheel with the damage on the side to show how a whole section of the wheel had at that time collapsed to form a depression.

The top two pictures show the increase in the damage in this section between February 2024 and yesterday. Note especially the changes in growlers 4, 5, and 6. Not only have large sections broken off in the wheel’s central section, it appears that the wheel’s outside section is beginning to separate from that central section.

The increased damage in the past year illustrated starkly the roughness of the terrain that the rover is traversing. Moreover, there is no sign that roughness is going to ease anytime in the near future. This increased damage thus explains partly why the science team changed the rover’s route to get to the nearby boxwork geology as fast as possible. That unique geology is likely to provide some important scientific information unobtainable elsewhere, and it seems worthwhile to get to it before this particular wheel fails.

There is one silver lining to this cloud. This particular wheel is a middle wheel, which means it is less critical to maintaining the rover’s stability as it travels as well as sits. The photographs of the other wheels taken today do not show as much change. Even if this wheel fails, the rover will still have five working wheels, including the most essential four corner wheels.

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Rocket startup Astra wins $44 million development contract to build its Rocket-4

8:54 am

Having shut down its smaller Rocket-3 rocket operations and then almost going bankrupt, the startup Astra is apparently coming back from the dead, having won a $44 million military development contract to build its larger Rocket-4 rocket.

Chris Kemp, Astra’s chief executive, said in an interview the company intends to leverage its contract with the Defense Innovation Unit to demonstrate point-to-point delivery of about 1,300 pounds of cargo using Rocket 4. The military for years has expressed interest in using rockets for rapid deployment of critical supplies to remote locations, complementing traditional transportation methods.

The company now claims it will do the first test launch of Rocket-4 in 2026.

When the company’s stock valuation dropped so much in 2022 and was on the verge of shutting down, Kemp and a team of investors purchased that stock and took the company private. Since then it has mostly focused on building attitude thrusters for satellites. Whether this new contract is enough to get this new rocket off the ground remains a big unknown.

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Transiting exoplanet appears to be losing matter with each transit

8:45 am

Astronomers using the TESS space telescope have discovered an exoplanet about 140 light years away that appears to have a tail of trailing material that is gaining mass with each transit as the planet slowly disintegrates.

The typical signal of an orbiting exoplanet looks like a brief dip in a light curve, which repeats regularly, indicating that a compact body such as a planet is briefly passing in front of, and temporarily blocking, the light from its host star.

This typical pattern was unlike what Hon and his colleagues detected from the host star BD+05 4868 A, located in the constellation of Pegasus. Though a transit appeared every 30.5 hours, the brightness took much longer to return to normal, suggesting a long trailing structure still blocking starlight. Even more intriguing, the depth of the dip changed with each orbit, suggesting that whatever was passing in front of the star wasn’t always the same shape or blocking the same amount of light.

You can read the peer-reviewed paper here [pdf]. Their calculations estimate the planet will disintegrate entirely in about two million years.

Because of the nature of these transits, the relative nearness of the star system, and the existence of this tail of material, this exoplanet is an excellent candidate for studying the planet’s structure and make-up. The scientists advocate further studies using a range of telescopes, including Webb and Hubble.

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