since, as a result, time passes around 30% faster in voids, the photons we receive from distant objects that travel across voids can actually be a bit older than our local universe, so the redshift-calculated age appears impossibly old

the implication is that this Z+14 galaxy is probably quite a bit less young than it appears, perhaps even billions of years old

“Aeon’s Before the Big Bang”
Conformal Cyclic Cosmology
Dr. Roger Penrose
Copernicus Center Lecture 2010
https://youtu.be/4YYWUIxGdl4
1:57:35

Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (1900-79) was correct in her measurement of the relative abundance of hydrogen and helium as compared to the “metals” in stars, but this result was hotly contested by such authorities as Henry Norris Russell, and she was forced to redact her findings in her groundbreaking doctoral thesis. Now, standing on her shoulders and those of the other giants of her era who figured out where the elements come from and explicated the role of stars in “cooking” them through the end of their journeys along the Main Sequence or otherwise, we are wondering where all of the extra oxygen might come from. (Back when I was a kid, I remember reading both some of CP-G’s popular books and also those by such scientists as George Gamov and Fred Hoyle. It’s amazing how far we have come… and how many questions remain.)

Per the other comments, it is a great time to be engaged in fundamental science, isn’t it.

I am as skeptical as Lee S. Dark matter and dark energy are merely hypotheses (although I doubt the educatedness of these guesses, reducing them to assumptions, not hypotheses) that were put in place to explain the unexplained. They are similar to the assumption of aether, in the good old days, to explain the medium through which electromagnetic waves (e.g. light and radio) could propagate, because until a century ago everyone knew that waves must propagate through a medium, otherwise they cannot exist. It turned out that the universe is stranger and more mysterious than anyone had imagined. That was a failure of imagination, which could be the reason so many scientists believe in the undiscovered “dark” forces that they think act on a galactic scale.

I wonder whether the affects of dark matter factor into the attractions of the galaxies, or does visible matter adequately explain their relative accelerations toward each other.

I’m actually sure the the cosmologists and physicists are also excited… New physics is their dream…. And I’m also looking forward to being proved right that dark matter and dark energy should never have been moved from placeholders to doctrine. It’s always been a dodgy principal to claim to understand anything you can’t see, taste or measure. Go science! ( And leave that budget alone Mr Trump!)