Sponge terrain on Mars
Click for original image.
Cool image time! The picture to the right, rotated, cropped, reduced, and sharpened to post here, was taken on January 11, 2023 by the high resolution camera on Mars Reconnaissnace Orbiter (MRO).
The scientists labeled this picture “Rocky Terrain.” Though this describes the overall sense of the full image, it fails to capture correctly the nature of this patch of ground at the center of the picture. As you can see, this patch of spongelike surface starts and ends abruptly. It appears that it is a layer on top of the surrounding terrain that has also been eroded aggressively since its placement.
The many craters on its surface seem to have come later, though as the crater size diminishes it becomes harder to separate the craters from the sponge holes. Moreover, some of the larger craters are distorted in shape, as if the impact hit material that was viscous and could flow somewhat.
The overview map below gives some context, but only some.
The black dot in the center of the overview map to the right marks the location of this sponge terrain in the dry equatorial regions of Mars’ cratered southern highlands. This location makes sense considering the very dry stony and hard bedrock appearance of the full image.
However, being in the dry equatorial regions does not explain this patch. A look at an image taken by MRO’s context camera on April 27, 2010, giving us a wider view of this region, shows that this patch is isolated and not obviously linked to surrounding surface features. Just north of it however is another sponge patch that seems confined to a circular ridge that might be the remains of an ancient crater now partly eroded away. If so, this patch filled that crater for some reason, and then over time its surface became similarly spongelike.
Both patches have a lot of small craters, though it does not appear the craters had anything to do with creating this sponge terrain.
To summarize, I haven’t the foggiest idea how this terrain formed, though I suspect it is related to some melt process related to impact. Any guesses from my readers?
Readers!
Please consider supporting my work here at Behind the Black. Your support allows me the freedom and ability to analyze objectively the ongoing renaissance in space, as well as the cultural changes -- for good or ill -- that are happening across America. Fourteen years ago I wrote that SLS and Orion were a bad ideas, a waste of money, would be years behind schedule, and better replaced by commercial private enterprise. Only now does it appear that Washington might finally recognize this reality.
In 2020 when the world panicked over COVID I wrote that the panic was unnecessary, that the virus was apparently simply a variation of the flu, that masks were not simply pointless but if worn incorrectly were a health threat, that the lockdowns were a disaster and did nothing to stop the spread of COVID. Only in the past year have some of our so-called experts in the health field have begun to recognize these facts.
Your help allows me to do this kind of intelligent analysis. I take no advertising or sponsors, so my reporting isn't influenced by donations by established space or drug companies. Instead, I rely entirely on donations and subscriptions from my readers, which gives me the freedom to write what I think, unencumbered by outside influences.
You can support me either by giving a one-time contribution or a regular subscription. There are four ways of doing so:
1. Zelle: This is the only internet method that charges no fees. All you have to do is use the Zelle link at your internet bank and give my name and email address (zimmerman at nasw dot org). What you donate is what I get.
2. Patreon: Go to my website there and pick one of five monthly subscription amounts, or by making a one-time donation.
3. A Paypal Donation or subscription:
4. Donate by check, payable to Robert Zimmerman and mailed to
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Click for original image.
Cool image time! The picture to the right, rotated, cropped, reduced, and sharpened to post here, was taken on January 11, 2023 by the high resolution camera on Mars Reconnaissnace Orbiter (MRO).
The scientists labeled this picture “Rocky Terrain.” Though this describes the overall sense of the full image, it fails to capture correctly the nature of this patch of ground at the center of the picture. As you can see, this patch of spongelike surface starts and ends abruptly. It appears that it is a layer on top of the surrounding terrain that has also been eroded aggressively since its placement.
The many craters on its surface seem to have come later, though as the crater size diminishes it becomes harder to separate the craters from the sponge holes. Moreover, some of the larger craters are distorted in shape, as if the impact hit material that was viscous and could flow somewhat.
The overview map below gives some context, but only some.
The black dot in the center of the overview map to the right marks the location of this sponge terrain in the dry equatorial regions of Mars’ cratered southern highlands. This location makes sense considering the very dry stony and hard bedrock appearance of the full image.
However, being in the dry equatorial regions does not explain this patch. A look at an image taken by MRO’s context camera on April 27, 2010, giving us a wider view of this region, shows that this patch is isolated and not obviously linked to surrounding surface features. Just north of it however is another sponge patch that seems confined to a circular ridge that might be the remains of an ancient crater now partly eroded away. If so, this patch filled that crater for some reason, and then over time its surface became similarly spongelike.
Both patches have a lot of small craters, though it does not appear the craters had anything to do with creating this sponge terrain.
To summarize, I haven’t the foggiest idea how this terrain formed, though I suspect it is related to some melt process related to impact. Any guesses from my readers?
Readers!
Please consider supporting my work here at Behind the Black. Your support allows me the freedom and ability to analyze objectively the ongoing renaissance in space, as well as the cultural changes -- for good or ill -- that are happening across America. Fourteen years ago I wrote that SLS and Orion were a bad ideas, a waste of money, would be years behind schedule, and better replaced by commercial private enterprise. Only now does it appear that Washington might finally recognize this reality.
In 2020 when the world panicked over COVID I wrote that the panic was unnecessary, that the virus was apparently simply a variation of the flu, that masks were not simply pointless but if worn incorrectly were a health threat, that the lockdowns were a disaster and did nothing to stop the spread of COVID. Only in the past year have some of our so-called experts in the health field have begun to recognize these facts.
Your help allows me to do this kind of intelligent analysis. I take no advertising or sponsors, so my reporting isn't influenced by donations by established space or drug companies. Instead, I rely entirely on donations and subscriptions from my readers, which gives me the freedom to write what I think, unencumbered by outside influences.
You can support me either by giving a one-time contribution or a regular subscription. There are four ways of doing so:
1. Zelle: This is the only internet method that charges no fees. All you have to do is use the Zelle link at your internet bank and give my name and email address (zimmerman at nasw dot org). What you donate is what I get.
2. Patreon: Go to my website there and pick one of five monthly subscription amounts, or by making a one-time donation.
3. A Paypal Donation or subscription:
4. Donate by check, payable to Robert Zimmerman and mailed to
Behind The Black
c/o Robert Zimmerman
P.O.Box 1262
Cortaro, AZ 85652
You can also support me by buying one of my books, as noted in the boxes interspersed throughout the webpage or shown in the menu above.
The sand dunes in the hexagonal crater toward center left of the cropped image (better viewed in the magnified original MRO/HiRISE image) appear to have taken on an almost perfect standing wave pattern, no doubt generated by this polygonal shape. Mars is an amazing place.
Mr. Zimmerman:
So many of the incredible pictures you post here remind me of snowscapes and icescapes back in my former state of Minnesnowta.
In this instance, the “spongy” terrain looks a lot like a big patch of hard snow that’s been covered with a layer of wind-blown dirt or dust,, which melted slightly in the sun, and then had a bunch of different size snowballs thrown at it while still soft. The variable thickness of the dirt/dust often results in that sort of spongy look.
I don’t know if that same effect is possible on Mars, with CO2 or water ice playing the role of semi-soft snow/ice, but it was the first thing that came to mind.
Once again, thanks for showing us these amazing features..
This is just bizarre.
I really hope that someday humans have a chance to figure all this out.
So many mysteries.
So much wonder.