A century after Aristotle, Eratosthenes calculated the Earth’s curvature by measuring shadows in different locations. He could have calculated the curvature or he could have calculate the distance of the Sun from the Earth. He chose the curvature model.

I would say that it was Galileo who turned natural philosophy into science, with the beginnings of a scientific method. Form a hypothesis, test the hypothesis, conclude a theory that the hypothesis is right or wrong.

Well, equally important to the makers, at least.

Here, a mechanical CVT is demonstrated:
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=zzdOSxIejfo

That and Grand Illusions are favorites of mine.

Aristotle also basically forecast Columbus’ voyage(s) nearly two millennia before the latter took that prediction to heart.

I agree. I blame Aristotle for thinking that we are so smart that we can deduce the secrets of nature rather than thinking the way that made Galileo Galilei the father of modern science. Aristotle’s hypotheses were too often treated as laws of nature. This is a pet peeve of mine, as though there is something we could do about it now. We humans may be smart, but we have our limitations, and experimentation allows us to confirm or reject our hypotheses. Aristotle made some forward motion, but his form of science led us astray in so many important areas. Galileo fixed that with the invention of the confirmation of the hypothesis, which allows for workable theories.

So, yes. We lost two thousand years of progress, because hubris made us think we are smarter than nature. We have not really learned that lesson, though. Even at the time of the Titanic, people still thought that we were more powerful than nature. Even today, there are those who are convinced that it is our carbon dioxide that warms the planet (e.g. Aristotelean thinker, Gretta Thunburg), despite the warming that happened before our extensive release, despite the cooling that happened a century ago just as we started to really release, despite the “pause” of the past three decades, and despite the continuous climate changes that have happened throughout the history of the planet. We humans still suffer from the Aristotelean thinking that we are the masters of the universe, with the power to control nature’s climate.

We will get to those interstellar colonies (as in the 2016 movie Passengers), but it will be by using the Italian scientific method, not the Greek method.

The British were able to create the Industrial Revolution because of their Agricultural Revolution. Despite laws requiring alternating fallow fields (repealed only a century ago), some British farmers began crop rotation back around the tenth century AD, where one crop prepared the field for the next crop (e.g. wheat, oats, and barley), which allowed for far more food production, which allowed for fewer farmers and more alternate forms of work, including science and technology (and military, and missionary, and Shakespeare, and cetera, and eventually lots of factory workers). Would the Greeks have invented crop rotation fifteen hundred years before the British? Or perhaps they would have invented artificial fertilizers first.

Meanwhile, I like the simplicity of the lathe in the video. I like the power of the modern industrial lathe a little more, however.