Category: Behind The Black

SpaceX gets Air Force approval to launch and land Starship/Superheavy at Cape Canaveral

12:01 am

Cape Canaveral

The Air Force announced late yesterday [pdf] that it will now allow SpaceX to launch its Starship/Superheavy rocket at Space Launch Complex 37 (SLC-37) at Cape Canaveral in Florida (as shown on the map to the right) as many as 76 times per year, with twice that number of landings.

The DAF [Department of Air Force] decision authorizes SpaceX to use SLC-37 at CCSFS [Cape Canaveral Space Force Station] to support Starship-Super Heavy launch and landing operations, including the redevelopment of SLC-37 and the other infrastructure improvements required and analyzed in the FEIS [Final Environmental Impact Statement]. Under this ROD [record of decision], upon execution of the real property agreement and associated documentation, and as analyzed in the FEIS while adhering to the mitigation measures specified in Appendix A to this ROD, SpaceX is authorized to: (1) undertake construction activities necessary to re-develop SLC-37 and associated infrastructure for Starship Super Heavy operations; (2) conduct prelaunch operations, including the transportation of launch vehicle components and static fire tests; and (3) conduct up to 76 launches and 152 landings annually once a supplemental analysis of airspace impacts by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is completed. [emphasi mine]

The deal also requires SpaceX to do some road upgrades in order to transport the rocket from its Gigabay to the launch tower. The company immediately announced on X yesterday that it has already begun construction, and expects to have three pads in Florida before all is done.

The final environmental impact statement [pdf] was released on November 20, 2025, and concluded in more than 200 pages that there will be no significant impact from these launch operations, something that should be self-evident after more than three-quarters of century of rocketry at the Cape. The existence of the spaceport acts to protect wildlife, because it limits development across a wide area.

The report suggested that some turtle species and one mouse specie might “affected adversely”, but it it also appears that risk was considered minor and not enough to block development. To deal with this however the impact statement requires SpaceX to do a number of mitigation actions, similar to what it is required to do at Boca Chica.

One fact must be recognized, based on the red tape and delays experienced by SpaceX during the Biden administration. Had Kamala Harris and the cadre that ran the White House under Biden had been in office now, this approval would almost certainly have not happened, or if it did, it would have likely been delayed for a considerable amount of time, into next year at the earliest. It is certain that Trump is clearing the path to prevent red tape and the administrative state from slowing things down unnecessarily.

This announcement also strengthens the likelihood that SpaceX will do at least one launch of Starship/Superheavy from Florida in 2026. And if not then, by 2027 for sure.

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Two launches today, by Arianespace and SpaceX

10:36 pm

Today there were two launches worldwide, one from South America and the second from the U.S.

First, Arianespace launched a South Korea imaging satellite from French Guiana, using the Vega-C rocket built and owned by the Italian rocket company Avio. Based on the July 2024 agreement, this is the next-to-last Vega-C flight that Arianespace will manage. After the next flight, Avio will take over management of its own rocket, cutting out this government middle man, though that agreement also allowed customers who had previously signed with Arianespace for later flights to stay with it as the managing organization.

Either way, Arianespace’s responsibilities will soon be limited solely to the Ariane-6 rocket, which itself has a limited future, being expendable and too expensive to compete in the present launch market.

Next SpaceX launched another 27 Starlink satellites into orbit, its Falcon 9 lifting off from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California. The first stage completed its 20th flight, landing on a drone ship in the Pacific.

As the Vega-C launch was only the sixth for Europe in 2025, it remains off the leader board for the 2025 launch race:

157 SpaceX (a new record)
74 China
15 Rocket Lab
15 Russia

SpaceX now leads the rest of the world in successful launches, 157 to 126.

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December 1, 2025 Quick space links

3:02 pm

Courtesy of BtB’s stringer Jay. This post is also an open thread. I welcome my readers to post any comments or additional links relating to any space issues, even if unrelated to the links below.

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Buffalo Bill: The greatest true boy adventure story that’s never been told

1:14 pm

The Lives and Legends of Buffalo Bill

In American popular culture, Buffalo Bill is an icon whose history we all think we know, a western showman who in the latter decades of the 19th century traveled the world with his Wild West show, enchanting heads of states as well as ordinary people with the romantic fantasy of the American west, made up of wagon trains, gunfighters, Indian attacks, and last-minute cavalry rescues.

His name inspired the name of a professional football team. His Wild West show inspired at least one musical and numerous Hollywood movies and television shows.

Yet do we really know who the man was?

I discovered recently that we do not. Our culture knows nothing about the man, whose real name was William Cody. Worse, its cartoon vision of him denigrates his unique American nature. He was not only the greatest scout the U.S. Army ever saw, his knowledge of American Indian made it possible for him to not only help make peace with those Indians who wanted it, it also helped the U.S. put down those Indians willing only to wage terrorist war. And when he shifted into the entertainment world, his show provided employment for both his many cowboy friends as well as for many of those same Indians, both friends and former enemies.

And most astonishing of all, I discovered that Buffalo Bill’s childhood was one of the most amazing boy adventure tales, far more exciting than any kid’s movie made in the last hundred years. That Hollywood has never made a movie of his youth now baffles me. It is the stuff that Hollywood craves, but more significantly, it appears it actually happened!

I discovered these facts in reading Don Russell’s wonderful biography of Bill Cody, The Lives and Legends of Buffalo Bill, published by the University of Oklahoma in 1979. Russell’s focus was to dig into the original source material in order to separate the fact from the fiction, since much of Cody’s life had been exaggerated by himself and others during his showman days, and then overblown and warped by Hollywood’s later interpretations.

In this Russell succeeds brilliantly. He describes what we know in vivid language, but also outlines what we don’t know or can’t trust about each story. In the end he describes a unique man with unique talents who always tried to do the right thing, even in difficult circumstances. In every sense Cody’s life was the epitome of an American western pioneer cowboy, pushing the unknown with courage and pluck.

But to me the most amazing part of Russell’s biography was its first few chapters, when Russell describes Cody’s childhood. The boy’s father, Isaac Cody, was a pioneer in his own right, taking his family farther and farther west until they ended up in Kansas and involved in the violent politics there preceding the Civil War. When Isaac died in 1857, he left behind a widow and three young children, who then had to find a way to survive in that difficult pioneer world.

And so, at the age of eleven Billy Cody went out to find work. And the work the boy found was truly astonishing, when compared to what we expect from kids his age today.
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A detailed look at Europe’s $1 billion commitment to its nascent commercial rocket industry

11:12 am

The European Space Agency

Link here. In announcing last week the European Space Agency’s (ESA) budget for the next three years, along with its general overall goals, the European council (dubbed CM-25) also apparently committed about $1.45 billion to its “European Launcher Challenge”, a program created in 2023 and designed to encourage the development of new European rockets, owned and operated by independent competing startups.

The article at the link provides a good overall summary of major increase in funding for this program, including which ESA countries are contributing the most and why. The key quote however is this:

In July 2025, ESA shortlisted Isar Aerospace, Rocket Factory Augsburg, PLD Space, MaiaSpace, and Orbex to proceed to the initiative’s next phase. It then began discussions with the host country of each company to assess its willingness to contribute to that company’s participation in the European Launcher Challenge.

During his post-CM25 address, ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher revealed that Member States had committed double the anticipated amount for the European Launcher Challenge, with the final figure exceeding €900 million. While the funding model’s structure suggests that only the UK, Spain, France, and Germany contributed, post-CM25 disclosures have indicated that a few additional countries also committed funds to the programme.

Germany appears to be the biggest contributor, supplying more than a third of the total fund ($422 million). This isn’t surprising, since Germany also has the most rocket startups, three, two of which are on that shortlist (Rocket Factory and Isar). Spain is next with a contribution of $196 million, aimed helping the rocket startup PLD. The UK is next, also contributing $196 million, likely to be used to support its Orbex startup that wants to launch from its Saxavord spaceport in the Shetland Islands.

A variety of other ESA nations, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands, and Norway, have also outlined their contributions, for a variety of space-related startups unrelated to rockets.

France also appears to have donated a significant amount, but has not made that number public. Its MaiaSpace startup is one on that shortlist above, but France also has one or two other rocket startups that might eventually qualify for aid.

The bottom line is that ESA here is committing funding to aid the development of rockets and space infrastructure that it won’t own or control, a major shift from its past policy of owning and controlling everything through its Arianespace pseudo-commercial company, what I call the Soviet- or government-run model. Instead, these ESA nations are going to help fund a range of competing private rockets, which will own the rockets and operate them for profit. ESA will simply become one of their customers, following the capitalism model that the U.S. switched to in the previous decade.

This increased commitment to capitalism in the ESA suggests that we should see some real progress by these startups in the next three years.

If you think the launch records being set this year are breath-taking, you ain’t seen nothin’ yet.

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After being linked for almost six months, China’s Shijian 21 and Shijian 25 separate

9:32 am

After rendezvousing and doing repeated docking tests in June and July and then remaining linked since then, China’s Shijian 21 and Shijian 25 test satellites have now separated.

Optical ground observations Nov. 29 made by S2a systems, a Swiss company which develops and operates customized systems for optical space surveillance worldwide, reveal that the two satellites have now separated in geosynchronous orbit, close to the geostationary belt (GEO) at 35,786 km above Earth’s equator. The orbits of the pair are inclined by 4.6 degrees with respect to GEO.

The article at the link speculates that the spacecraft were doing refueling tests while docked, but while a good guess this has not been confirmed anywhere. China has said nothing.

Shijian-21 was launched in 2021, and was used to grab a defunct Chinese geosynchronous satellite and tug it to a graveyard orbit. Shijian-25 was launched in January 2025, apparently intended to test robotic servicing of satellites. These maneuvers with Shijian-21 appear to be part of those tests. Whether those tests included refueling is uncertain, though possible. If Shijian-21 proceeds to do additional satellite tug maneuvers then it will strongly suggest this refueling occurred and was successful.

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Russia still using black market Starlink terminals on its drones

9:20 am

In its war with the Ukraine, it appears Russia is still managing to obtain black market Starlink mini-terminals for use on its drones, despite an effort since 2024 to block access.

According to Defense Express on November 30, imagery has emerged showing what appears to be a Russian “Molniya”-type drone fitted with a mini-Starlink unit, reportedly observed near the Pokrovsk sector in eastern Ukraine. The configuration—an off-the-shelf satellite internet terminal strapped to a drone—suggests improvised but functional integration, consistent with past sightings. The drone’s design and power unit indicate it is of Russian origin, likely a variation of the Molniya unmanned aerial vehicle, which is known for its low-cost, modular construction.

The use of Starlink terminals on Russian drones was first publicly reported in early 2024. Since then, Ukrainian forces have documented multiple instances of their use, including on Shahed-136 drones and larger UAVs such as the RD-8 “mothership” drone, which is reportedly capable of controlling other loitering munitions using satellite connectivity. The main concern raised by Ukrainian defense observers is that Starlink-based control enables extended-range communications, allowing Russian drones to conduct reconnaissance or strike missions far from ground-based operators.

SpaceX has made no comment on this issue. According to the article, the Ukraine is “exploring alternative European satellite providers in response, seeking more secure and controllable communications infrastructure for military operations.” While switching to another satellite provider might allow the Ukraine to shut Starlink down and prevent the Russians from using it within its territory, doing so would likely do more harm to the Ukraine’s military effort than Russia’s. There isn’t really any other service comparable at this time. And when Amazon’s Leo system comes on line it will face the same black market issues. I doubt it will have any more success than SpaceX in preventing Russia from obtaining its terminals.

Overall this issue is probably not a serious one militarily, however. Russia is not likely capable of obtaining enough black market terminals to make any significant difference on the battlefield.

This story however highlights a positive aspect of these new constellations. Just as Russia can’t be prevented from obtaining black market terminals, neither can the oppressed citizens in totalitarian nations like Russia and China be blocked as well. These constellations as designed act to defeat the censorship and information control of such nations, a very good thing.

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SpaceX launches another 29 Starlink satellites

12:51 am

SpaceX in the early morning hours today successfully launched 29 more Starlink satellites, its Falcon 9 rocket lifting off from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

The first stage completed its fourth flight, landing on a drone ship in the Atlantic.

The leaders in the 2025 launch race:

156 SpaceX (a new record)
74 China
15 Rocket Lab
15 Russia

SpaceX now leads the rest of the world in successful launches, 156 to 125.

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South Korean rocket startup Innospace announces date for inaugural launch

10:24 am

The South Korean rocket startup Innospace late last week announced that it has delayed the date for the first launch of its Hanbit-Nano rocket a few days in order to correct a “minor anomaly” during testing in Brazil.

During the avionics integration test, INNOSPACE performed a detailed analysis of a minor signal anomaly observed in a specific segment of the test and confirmed the tolerance range of the integration profile affected by flight-environment variations. To further validate the findings, the company carried out a second test using a Brazilian Air Force aircraft under conditions closely replicating the actual flight environment, allowing for a comprehensive review of response characteristics and signal stability across all integration items.

The launch was previously scheduled for a launch window from November 22nd to December 17th, taking place from Brazil’s long unused Alcantara spaceport on its northeast coast. The new window now runs from
December 16th to December 22nd. The launch itself is now scheduled for December 17th.

If this launch is successful, South Korea will have leapfrogged past India, Japan, and Australia to be the first Asian country to have a private company successfully launch a rocket.

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New Australian rocket startup completes suborbital launch

10:13 am

Proposed Australian spaceports
Australian spaceports: operating (red dot) and proposed (red “X”)
Click for original image.

A new Australian rocket startup, AtSpace, announced earlier this week it had successfully launched a test suborbital rocket from the commercial spaceport Southern Launch on the south coast of Australia.

At 09:22 AM [on November 27th], the 12.2m tall vehicle rocketed from Southern Launch’s Koonibba Test Range, performed perfectly and flew close to the target altitude of 80km. The four-and-a-half-minute flight validated AtSpace’s hybrid propulsion technology before safely returning to Earth as planned.

According to the press release, the company was able to recover the rocket afterward.

The company’s website says it was founded in 2021, and plans an orbital rocket dubbed Kestral, using hybrid fuels. No target dates for a first launch however are provided.

AtSpace is Australia’s second rocket startup to launch, following Gilmour Space’s failed launch attempt from its own Bowen spaceport on the east coast of Australia. Gilmour hopes to try again next year.

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China launches classified payload into orbit

9:51 am

China early today successfully placed a classified satellite into orbit, its Long March 7A rocket lifting off from its coastal Wenchang spaceport in southern China.

Video of the launch can be seen here.

China’s state-run press provided no information about the satellite or payload.

China's communists to its citizens
China’s communists to its citizens “Nice business you got here.
Shame if something happened to it.”

In related news, that state-run press made official what had been rumored in late October, that the government has now formed a special agency to supervise the pseudo-companies in its faux commercial rocket industry.

In other words, the government has decided the little freedom it gave these pseudo-companies was too much. It is now going to coordinate their efforts from above, and do so much more tightly. I suspect this decision was prompted by the success of some of these companies — taking advantage of that small measure of freedom. The government’s has gotten some new rockets and satellite constellations. Now it can step in and take over, like the mobsters communist governments are.

The leaders in the 2025 launch race:

155 SpaceX
74 China (a new record)
15 Rocket Lab
15 Russia

SpaceX still leads the rest of the world in successful launches, 155 to 125.

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Ginger Rogers & Fred Astaire – Swing Time

6:01 pm

An evening pause: From the 1936 film of the same name. Fred improvises to save Ginger’s job as a dance teacher. Watch how Rogers’ impression of him and her interaction during the dance evolves so naturally. I have always found her to be not only a great dancer, able to keep up with Astaire (the king of all dance), but also a marvelous actress.

Note too how this is not the gymnastics of modern dance, which is often only one small step above a Jane Fonda exercise video, but an amazingly nuanced and choreographed sequence of complex steps and moves, set to American pop music but with graceful classical ballet in mind.

Hat tip Judd Clark.

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SpaceX launches another Transporter mission, including dozens of smallsats

11:52 am

SpaceX today successfully completed its fifteenth Transporter mission of smallsats, its Falcon 9 rocket lifting off from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California.

The two major customers for this mission were Planet Lab, placing 36 satellites for its imagery constellation, and Exolaunch, which acts as a launch manager for smallsat companies. It placed 58 payloads in orbit for many various companies. Another launch manager company, SEOPS, launched 7 payloads, while the European aerospace company OHB launched 8. Among the other payloads was Varda’s fifth re-usable capsule.

The rocket’s two fairings completed their fourth and fifth flights respectively. The first stage (B1071) completed its 30th flight, landing on a drone ship in the Pacific. With this launch this booster become the second SpaceX first stage to achieve at least thirty flights. As the rankings for the most reused launch vehicles below show, SpaceX now has four boosters close to becoming the most reused rockets ever.

39 Discovery space shuttle
33 Atlantis space shuttle
31 Falcon 9 booster B1067
30 Falcon 9 booster B1071
29 Falcon 9 booster B1063
28 Falcon 9 booster B1069
28 Columbia space shuttle

Sources here and here.

The leaders in the 2025 launch race:

155 SpaceX (a new record)
73 China
15 Rocket Lab
15 Russia

SpaceX now leads the rest of the world in successful launches, 155 to 124.

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ESA’s member nations approve a major budget increase

9:28 am

The European Space Agency

At the council meeting of the European Space Agency’s (ESA) member nations taking place this week in Bremen, Germany, the council approved a major 32% budget increase for the agency over the next three years.

The largest contributions in the history of the European Space Agency, €22.1 bn, have been approved at its Council meeting at Ministerial level in Bremen, Germany.

Ministers and high-level representatives from the 23 Member States, Associate Members and Cooperating States confirmed support for key science, exploration and technology programmes alongside a significant increase in the budget of space applications – Earth observation, navigation and telecommunications. These three elements are also fundamental to the European Resilience from Space initiative, a joint response to critical space needs in security and resilience.

“This is a great success for Europe, and a really important moment for our autonomy and leadership in science and innovation. I’m grateful for the hard work and careful thought that has gone into the delivery of the new subscriptions from the Member States, amounting to a 32% increase, or 17% increase if corrected for inflation, on ESA’s 2022 Ministerial Council,” said ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher.

How ESA will use this money however remains somewhat unclear, based on a reading of the various resolutions released in connection with this announcement. As is typical for ESA, the language of every document is vague, byzantine, and jargon-filled, making it difficult to determine exactly what it plans to do. Overall it appears the agency will continue most of the various projects it has already started, and do them in the same manner it has always done them, taking years if not decades to bring them to fruition (if ever). It also appears the agency will devote a portion of this money to create new “centers” in Norway and Poland, which as far as I can tell are simply designed to provide pork jobs for those nations and ESA.

The resolutions also placed as the agency’s number one goal not space exploration but “protect[ing] our planet and climate” (see this pdf), a focus that seems off the mark at a very base level. While I could find nothing specifically approving the odious space law that attempted to impose European law globally (and has been vigorously opposed by the U.S.), the language in this document suggests the council still heartily wants to approve that law, and if it doesn’t do so in total it will do so incrementally, bit by bit, in the next few years.

The most hopeful item among these resolutions was the €4.4 billion the council reserved for space transportation, with the money to be used to pay for upgrades to both the Ariane-6 and Vega-C rockets and the facilities in French Guiana, as well as expand ESA’s program encouraging the new rocket startups from Germany, Spain, and France. If ESA uses this money wisely — mostly for the latter item — it will do much to create for itself a competitive launch industry, something it presently does not have.

It will take a bit of time to see how these decisions play out. It remains very unclear at this moment if Europe is choosing the Soviet or the capitalism model for its future in space.

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Russia’s only manned launchpad damaged badly during yesterday’s launch

8:38 am

During the successful Soyuz-2 rocket launch yesterday carrying three astronauts to ISS, the “mobile service platform” used to transport the rockets to the pad (similar to the strongback used by Falcon 9 rockets), collapsed into the flame trench below it.

According to preliminary estimates, repairs of the service platform, known as 8U216, could take up to two years and it was not immediately clear whether some kind of makeshift arrangement would be possible to support multiple cargo and crew launches to the ISS in the interim. There was some possibility that duplicate hardware could be borrowed from the mothballed Site 1 in Baikonur or from similar facilities at other launch sites. There were four Soyuz pads in Plesetsk at one point, including an unused existing structure at Site 16, also one pad operated in Vostochny.

The Plesetsk pads however are at higher latitude, and any spacecraft launched from there would have difficulty rendezvousing with ISS.

It appears that the failure was the result of inadequate maintenance at Baikonur, or another example of the poor quality control that has plagued Russia’s aerospace industry for the past two decades.

Unofficially, violations of operational procedures, stemming from increasingly scarce maintenance of the facility in the past few years, were blamed for the collapse of the structure. According to another rumor, the mobile platform was not properly secured in its underground shelter before launch, which let the blast wave from the rocket exhaust pull it off its guide rails into the flame trench.

This wasn’t the only failure for Russia in the past day. At its now rarely used Yasny military launch site witnesses reported a rocket exploding after launch yesterday. Though images are available confirming something went wrong shortly after lift-off, no other information has been released by Russia.

Russia planned to launch a Progress freighter to ISS in late December. That launch will now likely be delayed. In fact, the pad damage threatens the entire supply stream to ISS, requiring possibly additional American cargo missions (which almost certainly SpaceX can provide).

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Thanksgiving repost: Miracle on 34th Street

6:01 pm

An evening pause: This was posted in 2023. Time to repost.

Original text:
—————————
This movie used to be a tradition for television on Thanksgiving. At that time the holiday was well linked with the then joyous and relatively Christian Macy’s Day Parade (now warped into a queer agenda demonstration). [Editor: an agenda that thank god appears to be on the run.]

I think it makes for a good opening to the holiday season.

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Russia launches three astronauts to ISS

9:58 am

Russia today successfully sent three new astronauts to ISS, its Soyuz-2 rocket lifting off from Baikonur in Kazakhstan.

Video of the launch here. Meanwhile, the rocket’s lower stages and strap-on boosters fell inside drop zones 300 to 1500 kilometers down range from Baikonur.

The leaders in the 2025 launch race:

154 SpaceX
73 China
15 Rocket Lab
15 Russia

SpaceX still leads the rest of the world in successful launches, 154 to 124.

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What AI thinks Thanksgiving looked like

9:45 am

The first Thanksgiving by Jean Louis Gerome Ferris
The first Thanksgiving by Jean Louis Gerome Ferris

Doug Ross did something truly fascinating today, to mark Thanksgiving:

“Please create a detailed painting of the first Thanksgiving in America”.

That was the prompt I gave ten of the most popular image-generating AI models. Let’s compare. And throw your reactions in the comments. Happy Thanksgiving to all!

#1 – Nano-Banana-Pro (Google):
#2 – GPT-Image-1 (OpenAI):
#3 – Imagen-4-Ultra (Google):
#4 – FLUX-2-Flex (Black Forest Labs):
#5 – Dreamina-3.1 (ByteDance – China):
#6 – Ideogram-v3 (FAL):
#7 – Qwen-Image-20B (China):
#8 – Amazon-Nova-Canvas (AWS):
#9 – Phoenix-1.0 (Leonardo Ai):
#10 – Flux-Kontext-Max (Black Forest Labs):

Go to the link and check them out. None of them are great art. All illustrate the vapidness of AI and its inability to be truly creative (all basically copy older paintings like Ferris’s to the right). But each tells you something about its AI. For example, though some of these AIs (Google’s) have largely corrected the DEI aspects of their AI, that insisted on making every Founding Father black, they haven’t all gotten it right.

Enjoy! This is one entertaining way to spend a few minutes on Thanksgiving while you wait for the turkey to cook.

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Lincoln’s Thanksgiving proclamation

8:00 am

Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln

As I wrote in 2023 for Thanksgiving, just six weeks after the horrible murderous massacre of innocent people by Hamas on October 7, 2023:

The date was October 3, 1863. The Civil War was at its height, with no end in sight and no clear sign yet of victory for the Union. For all anyone knew, the great American experiment in self-government, freedom, and constitutional law was about to end in failure, with one half of the nation committed to the idea that it was okay to enslave other human beings, based on their race.

In such a moment, President Abraham Lincoln did what all past leaders in America had done, call for a day of prayer to God for the future while giving thanks for the blessings still abounding. For this purpose he set aside the last Thursday of November of that year.

Since then, Americans have never stopped celebrating Thanksgiving on that day.

Though as always the world is filled with evil people and evil acts, there always remains much more to be thankful for. America still is that shining city on the hill, a beacon for freedom and the rule of law. Though many elites and their minions in our own country are no longer committed to these ideals, and are working daily to destroy them, they cannot succeed. “Government of the people, by the people, for the people,” based on “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,” shall always be honored by ordinary people.

As I noted last year, Thanksgiving remains an utterly American holiday.

No other nation has anything like it. And it lives on, because deep down, all ordinary Americans — from all walks of life and political persuasions — are still hopeful and determined to build a life for themselves and their loved ones, with joy and justice and freedom at its heart.

Thus, the words of Lincoln’s 1863 Thanksgiving proclamation still rings true to us all. Let us put aside our petty factional differences and, as Lincoln asked in his proclamation below, give thanks as “one heart and one voice by the whole American People.”

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November 26, 2025 Quick space links

2:52 pm

Courtesy of BtB’s stringer Jay. This post is also an open thread. I welcome my readers to post any comments or additional links relating to any space issues, even if unrelated to the links below.

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More glaciers on Mars

12:41 pm

Overview map

More glaciers on Mars
Click for original image.

Cool image time! The picture to the right, rotated, cropped, reduced, and sharpened to post here, was taken on September 26, 2025 by the high resolution camera on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO).

The scientists label this image “Moraine-like assemblage exposed by ice retreat.” I say: If anyone still doubts the extensive presence of near-surface ice on Mars, this picture should put that doubt to rest.

The white dot on the overview map above marks the location, deep within the 2,000-mile-long strip in the Martian northern mid-latitudes that I label “glacier country,” because practically every picture taken there shows glacial features. This picture is just one more example. As the inset in the overview above shows, this flow is coming down from the exterior rim of an unnamed, partly obscured ancient 17-mile-wide crater, dropping about 7,000 feet from the rim’s peak. This particular section shows the last 3,000 feet of that descent, as the glacier worked its way through a gap in a ridge paralleling that rim.

The image label refers to the flow features that appear to be corroding away. It appears the full data set suggests that corrosion is exposing the material pushed downward by that glacier, what on Earth we call a moraine.

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European Space Agency faces reality: Its partnerships with NASA are fading

10:48 am

The European Space Agency

It appears that the European Space Agency (ESA) is now recognizing that two of its major partnership deals with NASA are likely going to fall apart, and it has therefore begun putting forth new proposals to repurpose those projects during a meeting in Germany this week of its member states.

The two projects are ESA’s Earth Return Orbiter intended to bring Perseverance’s Mars samples back to Earth, and its service module for NASA’s Orion capsule. In the former case, NASA’s decision to cancel the Mars Sample Return Mission leaves that orbiter in limbo. NASA might still fly a sample return mission, but it will almost certainly not do it as originally planned, involving numerous different components from many different sources in a complex Rube-Goldberg arrangement. ESA is now considering repurposing this orbiter as a research spacecraft studying the Martian atmosphere while also being a Mars communications satellite for other missions.

As for the Orion service module, ESA is now recognizing that it is unlikely NASA will continue funding Orion after it completes its presently scheduled missions, totaling at most four. ESA has contracted to build six service modules, and is now studying options for using the last few in other ways, such as a cargo tug in low Earth orbit.

ESA officials are also reviewing its entire future at the conference, considering how private enterprise has completely outrun it in all ways. Its expendable Ariane-6 rocket is a long term financial bust, being too expensive to compete in the modern launch market of reusable rockets. Its proposed IRIS2 satellite constellation will cost too much and launch far too late to compete with the private constellations already in service or being launched by SpaceX, AST-SpaceMobile, Amazon, and China.

To counter this trends, ESA has already made some major changes, shifting ownership and control of its rockets back to the private companies that build them. However, its bureaucracy has appeared resistant to this change, and is apparently lobbying for more funding and control at this week’s meeting, asking the member nations to increase their funding to the agency, giving it a total budget of 22.2 billion euros. There has also been lobbying by ESA supporters for a new Space Law that would supersede the individual space laws of its member states, and also attempt to impose its regulations on non-member nations, beyond its sovereign authority. That law is strongly opposed by the U.S., the private sector, and even some of ESA’s member nations.

The bottom line however is that the nature of the European Space Agency is undergoing major changes, with its work increasingly shifting to its member nations instead of being part of a cooperative effort. While ESA bureaucrats continue to push to protect and strengthen their turf, ESA’s member nations have been increasingly pushing back, and winning that battle.

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South Korea successfully launches its Nuri rocket for the third time

9:37 am

South Korea today successfully launched its government-built Nuri rocket for the third time, placing in orbit one large satellite to study the Earth’s aurora and a dozen cubesats.

This was the first Nuri launch since 2023. In the interim the government has made some moves suggesting it was transferring control of the rocket from its space agency KARI to one of its larger aerospace companies, Hanwah Aerospace. That transfer so far appears mostly superficial, as KARI appears to still control ownership.

As this was South Korea’s first launch in 2025, there is no change to the 2025 launch race leader board:

154 SpaceX
73 China
15 Rocket Lab
14 Russia

SpaceX still leads the rest of the world in successful launches, 154 to 123.

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New study claims to have detected dark matter inside the Milky Way

9:21 am

Milky Way gamma radiation theorized to represent dark matter
Click for original image.

The uncertainty of science: A Japanese astronomer, Tomonori Totani, yesterday published a paper claiming he had detected gamma ray radiation surrounding the center of the Milky Way that matches perfectly the predicted location of the galaxy’s dark matter halo, thus being the first direct detection of dark matter.

The graphic to the right shows that high energy gamma ray halo, as measured by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. From the press release:

Using the latest data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, Professor Tomonori Totani from the Department of Astronomy at the University of Tokyo believes he has finally detected the specific gamma rays predicted by the annihilation of theoretical dark matter particles. … “We detected gamma rays with a photon energy of 20 gigaelectronvolts (or 20 billion electronvolts, an extremely large amount of energy) extending in a halolike structure toward the center of the Milky Way galaxy. The gamma-ray emission component closely matches the shape expected from the dark matter halo,” said Totani.

The observed energy spectrum, or range of gamma-ray emission intensities, matches the emission predicted from the annihilation of hypothetical WIMPs, with a mass approximately 500 times that of a proton. The frequency of WIMP annihilation estimated from the measured gamma-ray intensity also falls within the range of theoretical predictions.

Totani says this gamma radiation is not easily explained by other phenomenon, which is why he assigns it to dark matter. Other scientists are not so sure:

David Kaplan, a professor in the department of physics and astronomy at Johns Hopkins University, said it’s difficult to trace emissions back to dark matter particles with any certainty because too much is still unknown about gamma rays. “We don’t even know all the things that can produce gamma rays in the universe,” Kaplan said, adding that these high-energy emissions could also be produced by fast-spinning neutron stars or black holes that gobble up regular matter and spit out violent jets of material.

As such, even when unusual gamma-ray emissions are detected, it’s often hard to draw meaningful conclusions, according to Eric Charles, a staff scientist at Stanford University’s SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. “There’s a lot of details we don’t understand,” he said, “and seeing a lot of gamma rays from a large part of the sky associated with the galaxy — it’s just really hard to interpret what’s going on there.” [emphasis mine]

In other words, this claim is hardly proven, and in fact should not at this point be taken very seriously. Totani has detected emissions that need explaining, but to immediately attach the gamma radiation to dark matter is risky.

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Thirty Meter Telescope is finally considering a move to the Canary Islands

8:58 am

The consortium that has been trying to build the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) in Hawaii for more than two decades but has been blocked by native Hawaiian DEI activists, announced on November 11, 2025 that it has finally decided to consider seriously the $740 million offer by the Spanish government is to move the telescope to the Canary Islands.

TMT International Observatory LLC (TIO LLC) announced today that in response to the generous offer from the Spanish Ministry of Science, it is exploring a promising avenue for a new observatory based in Spain.

While the Members of TIO LLC continue discussions regarding the TMT site, this represents a prospective opportunity to allow TIO LLC to proceed with the TMT project. For this reason, TIO LLC will jointly develop with the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities a detailed roadmap toward the potential realization of the TMT at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos (La Palma, Spain).

TMT was about to start construction in 2015, with a completion date expected by 2020. Instead, its construction was blocked by native Hawaiian leftist activists, aided by the support of the Democrats who control Hawaii’s government. Meanwhile, the astronomers in charge of TMT, being modern DEI-trained academics themselves, were generally unwilling to fight hard for their project. It has thus sat in limbo for a decade. Last year it was hit with a final blow within the U.S. when the National Science Foundation announced it would only fund the Giant Magellan Telescope in Chile, leaving TMT short of funds.

All of this remains the stuff of buggy-whips and horse-drawn carriages. Rather than spend billions on this giant ground-based telescope that will be seriously hampered first by the Earth’s atmosphere and second by the half-dozen-plus satellite constellations presently being launched, astronomers would be far smarter to spend that money on a new bigger replacement for the Hubble Space Telescope.

They aren’t, however, because their careers are grounded (literally) on this obsolete technology, and won’t change.

Meanwhile, the end of TMT in Hawaii signals the long-term end of astronomy in Hawaii. Those leftist activists are now in control, and they are outright hostile — to the point of bigotry — to any Western technology or any non-Hawaiians on their islands. They have been pushing to reduce the telescopes on Mauna Kea on the Big Island, and have had some success. Expect them to push harder to remove more in the coming years.

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Vast signs preliminary astronaut deal with the Maldives

8:01 am

Haven-1 with docked Dragon capsule
Artist rendering of Haven-1 with docked
Dragon capsule

Continuing a string of international agreements during the past few weeks, the space station startup Vast yesterday announced it has signed what appears to be a preliminary deal with the Maldives to fly astronauts to its proposed Haven-1 space station.

The agreement outlines that Vast and the MSRO [Maldives Space Research Organisation] will commit to exploring ways to engage the Republic of Maldives space sector. Through the partnership, the organizations will pursue astronaut flight opportunities aboard Vast space stations for agency astronauts, such as Haven-1, the world’s first commercial space station or Vast-provided private astronaut missions to the International Space Station. Both organizations will also collaborate on the development of educational programs and outreach activities, including projects conducted by MSRO astronauts onboard the ISS or Haven-1. These programs are aimed at specifically engaging schools, universities, and other educational institutions in the Republic of Maldives. [emphasis mine]

Vast has similar agreements with Uzbeckistan, Colombia, and the Czech Republic, as well as the European Space Agency. In every case, the agreement hints at Vast providing a space station visit for each country’s or organization’s astronauts, but no firm commitments. I now suspect that these are all preliminary agreements, pending the successful launch of Haven-1 in the first half of next year. Vast plans to keep Haven-1 in orbit for three years, during which it wants to fly four 30-day manned missions, using a Dragon capsule as the ferryboat.

At the moment the company has not announced any passengers or crews for those manned missions. Once Haven-1 is in orbit and operating, however, we should expect astronaut flights to be announced from one or more of these countries.

In a sense, Vast is doing the same thing that Axiom did with India, Poland, and Hungary, signing up each to fly astronauts to ISS. Both space station startups are simply hunting for passengers. And both know that every single third world nation in the world wants to fly its own astronauts in space. Vast, like Axiom before it, is now offering them a cheap way to do it.

Hat tip to BtB’s stringer Jay.

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