Category: Points of Information

Very brief descriptions, with appropriate links, of current or recent news items.

Ingenuity’s final resting place on Mars

9:27 am

Panorama showing Ingenuity in Jezero Crater
Click for original image.

Overview map
Click for interactive map.

Time for one last cool image of Ingenuity. The picture above, cropped, reduced, and annotated to post here, was created from a mosaic of 67 images taken on February 21, 2024 by the high resolution camera on the Mars rover Perseverance. The white rectangle marks the approximate area covered by the image below, a mosaic of seven pictures taken on February 24, 2024 by Perseverance’s Remote Microscopic Imager camera, normally used to take very close images of nearby rocks but repurposed here to provide a close up of Ingenuity about 1,365 feet away, inside Neretva Vallis. Ingenuity is on the right, and the speck on the left is the section of the rotor blade that broke off and was apparently flung about 49 feet away.

On the overview map to the right, the blue dot marks Perseverance’s position, the green dot Ingenuity’s, and the yellow lines mark the approximate area covered by the panorama above. The red dotted line is Perseverance’s planned route in the coming months.

Close-up of Ingenuity and broken rotor blade
Click for original image.

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Astronomers discover new moons around Neptune and Uranus

8:50 am

Using a observations over several years from a number of ground-based telescopes, astronomers have now identified two new moons around Neptune and one new moon circling Uranus.

The new Uranian member brings the ice giant planet’s total moon count to 28. At only 8 kilometers, it is probably the smallest of Uranus’ moons. It takes 680 days to orbit the planet. Provisionally named S/2023 U1, the new moon will eventually be named after a character from a Shakespeare play, in keeping with the naming conventions for outer Uranian satellites.

…The brighter Neptune moon now has a provisional designation S/2002 N5, is about 23 kilometers in size, and takes almost 9 years to orbit the ice giant. The fainter Neptune moon has a provisional designation S/2021 N1 and is about 14 kilometers with an orbit of almost 27 years. They will both receive permanent names based on the 50 Nereid sea goddesses in Greek mythology.

The two new Neptune moons raises its moon total now to sixteen. The orbits of all three are tilted and eccentric and far from the planets, strongly suggested they are capture asteroids, not objects formed at the same time as the planet.

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Local county now in full support of SpaceX land swap

8:41 am

According to a local Cameron county judge, who had previously expressed opposition, county officials including himself are now in full support of the proposed land swap, giving SpaceX 43 acres of Boca Chica State Park land in exchange for 477 acres at a national wildlife area about 10 miles away.

A special meeting of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Commission to vote on this land swap is now scheduled for March 5, 2024 in Austin, and it appears it is ready to approve. That meeting however should be entertaining, because it also appears that the small minority of leftist activists organizations in the area that oppose everything SpaceX is achieving are organizing carpools to attend the meeting. Expect them to perform the typical shennigans of the left, screaming and shouting and attempting to take over the venue to prevent the vote.

What these activists of course refuse to recognize, or simply don’t care, is that the change of opinion by local officials is because the local community and in fact the majority of Texans support what SpaceX is doing. It has revitalized the Brownsville area, bringing billions of new investment capital and tens of thousands of new jobs to the region. It has also demonstrated repeatedly it is being a good steward to the environment at Boca Chica, and will do much as a launch site to help preserve the coastal wildlife there, just as NASA has done at Cape Canaveral for three quarters of a century.

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SpaceX and China complete launches

10:40 pm

Two successful launches today, first from China and then from SpaceX.

First, China launched what it called a”high-orbit internet services” satellite into orbit, its Long March 3B rocket lifting off from its Xichang spaceport in southwest China. No word where the rocket’s four strap-on boosters or core stage crashed in China.

Then SpaceX launched another 23 Starlink satellites into orbit, its Falcon 9 rocket lifting off from Cape Canaveral. The first stage successfully completed its 11th flight, landing on a drone ship in the Atlantic.

The leaders in the 2024 launch race:

19 SpaceX
10 China
3 Russia

American private enterprise still leads the entire world combined 22 to 19 in successful launches, while SpaceX remains tied 19-19 with the rest of the world, excluding American companies.

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Today’s blacklisted American: Event by UC-Berkeley Jewish organizations is shut down by violent pro-Hamas rioters

2:47 pm

Mob as seen from inside, just before they break the door
Pro-Hamas mob as seen from inside,
just before they break the door. Click for
video.

They’re coming for you next: A lecture on international law by an Israeli attorney and former member of the Israeli Defense Force and organized by Jewish student groups at University of California-Berkeley (UC-Berkeley) was shut down on February 26, 2024 by a violent protest of about 200 pro-Hamas rioters, who broke down doors, attacked attendees, and forced the university to evacuate and cancel the event.

Jewish students at UC Berkeley evacuated from a campus theater Monday night after a mass of protesters, chanting “Intifada! Intifada!” and other slogans, shattered a glass door at the venue and shut down a scheduled lecture by an Israeli attorney who is also an IDF reservist.

Several students who were attending or working the event at Zellerbach Playhouse were injured, including two young women, one of whom sprained a thumb wrestling to keep a door shut as protesters tried to muscle it open. Another female student reportedly was handled around her neck, leaving marks. A third student said a protester spit on him.

Eventually the lecture did take place, at the home of a nearby rabbi, but was only seen by twenty.

If you want to get a feel for the storm-trooper nature of this violent mob, watch the videos here and here. » Read more

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A Martian cliff of ash, flushed by wind

1:13 pm

A Martian cliff of ash flushed by wind
Click for original image.

Cool image time! The picture to the right, rotated, cropped, reduced, and sharpened to post here, was taken on December 27, 2023 by the high resolution camera on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). Described merely as an “exposed scarp” by the science team, this cliff edge is actually much more.

First some basic details. The elevation drop from the plateau down to the base of this cliff is about a thousand feet. The material that forms this plateau, scarp, and its base is all volcanic ash. The thicker sections of ash has caused its lower levels to compress, harden into a kind of sandstone. Near the surface however it is more friable, and like sandstone can break apart somewhat more easily.

The prevailing winds at this site are generally blowing to the south, but beginning to turn to the east, which explains the northwest to southeast orientation of the features.

The best analogy I can come up with to explain the erosion of this scarp is as follows: Imagine a deposit of dry mud a few inches thick on pavement. Take a leaf blower and blow at it hard, always in one direction. Eventually the outer edge will break up and blow away, leaving a sharp edge, that will also retreat with time as the wind continues to blow.

Here the winds are eroding that cliff, causing periodic avalanches which dissolve into sand that then blows away, leaving no debris pile at the base of the cliff. The ridges indicate harder material, that breaks away last, which is why there are some ridgelines extending outward from the scarp in line with these ridges. At the same time, these ridges of harder ash still break up with time, as some are cut off suddenly at the cliff edge.
» Read more

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Air leak in Russia’s half of ISS continues and has increased slightly

9:34 am

Zvezda module of ISS
The Zvezda module, with aft section indicated
where the cracks have been found.

The leak in the Russia half of ISS continues to bleed air from the space station and has even increased slightly in recent months, though both NASA and Roscosmos say the rate of loss is tiny and poses no danger to the station’s inhabitants.

“There is no threat to the crew or the station itself,” [Roscosmos] said in a statement carried by Russian news agencies. Roscosmos’ statement followed comments by Joel Montalbano, NASA’s station project manager, who noted Wednesday that the leak in the Russian segment has increased but emphasized that it remains small and poses no threat to the crew’s safety or vehicle operations.

As indicated by the graphic to the right, the air loss is suspected to come from stress fractures in the Zvezda module, the station’s second oldest and one in which many dockings have occurred over the past two decades. Russia had suspended dockings in this port shortly after the leaks and cracks were detected, but have apparently resumed those dockings recently. One wonders if this new activity is contributing to the increase in loss of air.

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Final images from Odysseus, lying on its side

9:23 am

One of three pictures downloaded after landing
Click for original picture.

In a press conference yesterday, NASA and the private company Intuitive Machines released three pictures taken by the Odysseus lunar lander after it came down a bit too fast, skidded on the ground so that one leg broke, and then tilted over.

The first images from the lunar surface are now available and showcase the orientation of the lander along with a view of the South Pole region on the Moon. Intuitive Machines believes the two actions captured in one of their images enabled Odysseus to gently lean into the lunar surface, preserving the ability to return scientific data.

The best picture, reduced and annotated to post here, is to the right. The spacecraft is tilted about 30 degrees from the vertical. Another picture showed the broken leg on the lander’s other side. The “two actions” mentioned in the NASA quote above refer to the issues that caused the broken leg: the limited ground data the lander used to land, and its larger than expected lateral speed.

The spacecraft is expected to be shut down by today because of lack of power and the advent of the long lunar night. Company officials remain hopeful it will come back to life when the sun rises in several weeks.

Officials from both NASA and Intuitive Machines have correctly noted that this was an engineering test mission, so even these failures make it a success in that the company can use them to improve the next lander. Nonetheless, it would have been nice if things had worked better on this first flight, especially because the problem that led to all the breakdowns, the failure to turn the lander’s range finding system back on after installation on the rocket, was an incredibly stupid human error that should not have happened at all.

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National Science Foundation decides to fund only one giant telescope

8:56 am

The National Science Foundation (NSF) has decided that its astronomy program does not have sufficient funds for building both the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) in Hawaii and the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) in Chile, and will decide in May which one it will choose.

The GMT and TMT—both backed by consortia of universities, philanthropic foundations, and international partners—set out to build their next generation instruments in the early 2000s. But this privately funded approach, which during the 20th century produced the twin 10-meter Keck telescopes in Hawaii and the two 6.5-meter Magellan telescopes in Chile, stumbled when it came to multibillion-dollar projects. Although design work and mirror casting forged ahead, both projects failed to amass enough funding to complete construction. (A dispute with Native Hawaiians over the Hawaii site has also slowed the TMT.)

I predict that this decision puts the final nail in TMT’s coffin. That telescope was on schedule in 2015 — when construction was set to begin — to be already operational now, well ahead of GMT. The opposition in Hawaii by a minority of leftist protestors, who also had the backing of the state government (run entirely by the Democratic Party), blocked that construction even as the building of GMT’s mirrors proceeded.

Almost a decade later, while TMT sits in limbo, unbuilt, GMT is nearing completion, with its last mirror presently being fabricated and construction at its site now more than half done. It is expected to be finished by 2028, and is almost certainly going to get that NSF funding.

As I noted however in July 2023,

Not that any of this really matters. In the near term, ground-based astronomy on Earth is going to become increasingly impractical and insufficient, first because of the difficulties of making good observations though the atmosphere and the tens of thousands of satellites expected in the coming decades, and second because new space-based astronomy is going to make it all obsolete. All it will take will be to launch one 8-meter telescope on Starship and [GMT] will become the equivalent of a buggy whip.

The great tragedy of TMT is that the astronomers themselves at the project were not willing to fight that tiny minority of protesters, whose protests were based on the essentials of critical race theory that makes whites the devils and all other minorities saints. As academics trained in these insane ideas, the astronomy community accepted this bigoted premise, and out of guilt allowed those protesters to rule.

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Russia launches weather satellite plus eighteen smallsats

8:37 am

Russia yesterday successfully launched a new weather satellite as well as eighteen smallsats, including one for Iran, its Soyuz-2 rocket lifting off from its Vostochny spaceport in the far east of Russia.

The rocket’s stages crashed in several designated drop zones within Russia and the Arctic Ocean.

The leaders in the 2024 launch race:

18 SpaceX
9 China
3 Russia

American private enterprise still leads the entire world combined 21 to 18 in successful launches, while SpaceX by itself is now tied with the the rest of the world (excluding other American companies) 18 all.

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Inspector General: Mars Sample Return mission in big trouble

4:25 pm

The present plan for Mars Sample Return

Though the audit published today [pdf] by NASA’s inspector general of the NASA/ESA Mars Sample Return mission partnership tries to couch its language positively, the conclusion one reaches by reading the report is that the project is a mess and will almost certainly not fly when scheduled in 2029, and might even get delayed so much that the Perseverance rover on Mars — an essential component of the mission plan — might no longer be operational at that time.

First the budget wildly out of control.

The trajectory of the MSR Program’s life-cycle cost estimate, which has grown from $2.5 to $3 billion in July 2020, to $6.2 billion at KDP-B in September 2022, to an unofficial estimate of $7.4 billion as of June 2023 raises questions about the affordability of the Program.

In addition, the audit noted that this is not the end, and that based on another independent review the budget could balloon to $8 to $11 billion before all is said and done. (I will predict that as presently designed, that budget will likely reach $15 billion.)
» Read more

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Today’s blacklisted American: “Progressive” leftists in Seattle can’t even take a joke, blackballing four comedians

1:08 pm

Cancelled comedians
Click for original video.

They’re coming for you next: Not surprisingly, a comedy club located in the heart of Seattle, in the very same CHAZ neighborhood (Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone) that leftist Antifa thugs took over in 2020 after the death of George Floyd, has cancelled the scheduled appearance of four comedians, apparently because all four were considered too moderate and not “progressive” enough for that radical community of close-minded fascists. As rationalized in an email to the comedians, comedy club officials explained:

Capitol Hill is known for its progressive values, and we’ve received significant feedback expressing concerns about the alignment of these upcoming shows with the neighborhood’s ethos. This feedback includes concerns from local advocacy groups that are deeply embedded in our community and work towards upholding its values.

Given the feedback and to avoid any potential negative impact on both our club and the artists involved, as well as to maintain the harmony within our community, we believe the most responsible course of action is to not move forward with the shows for Dave Smith on April 11th, Luis J Gomez for May 31st-June 1st, Jim Florentine for September 20th-21st and sadly Kurt Metzger on October 11th-12th as well.

The email also added most dishonestly, “We truly value the art of comedy and the diverse perspectives it brings to our lives.”

What a crock. » Read more

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Rocket Lab unveils a family of four different service modules for all kinds of satellites

9:54 am

Rocket Lab continues to expand its product line beyond just rockets, today unveiling a family of four different types of service modules, designed to provide maneuvering, communications, and power to satellites.

The four service modules, dubbed Photon, Lightning, Pioneer, and Explorer, are each designed to serve different types of satellites, from low orbit to geosynchronous. The company is also developing a larger rocket, Neutron, in addition to its Electron rocket.

Presently only Electron and Photon are operational, both having serviced multiple customers. Neutron is still scheduled for a first launch later this year, though a delay into 2025 is expected. It is not clear when Lightning, Pioneer, and Explorer will make their first flights.

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Update on Starship/Superheavy preparations at Boca Chica

9:41 am

Link here. After two separate but aborted dress rehearsal countdowns, the rocket has been destacked with Superheavy rolled back to the assembly building.

After two Wet Dress Rehearsal (WDR) aborts, SpaceX opted to destack Ship 28 before removing Booster 10 from the Orbital Launch Mount (OLM). The Booster has since rolled back to the Production Site, while Ship 28 conducted standalone testing on Pad B, opening with a Spin Prime test on Monday.

A March launch of Flight 3 for Starship is still possible, pending the completion of full stack testing and approval from the FAA.

While the aborts suggest some technical issues occurred that need addressing, the destacking and additional work could also be for other reasons. The FAA has still not issued a launch license, and is demanding certain actions before doing so. It could be that the company is being forced to make certain upgrades on these prototypes it would have rather left to the next test launch with more advanced prototypes.

Either way, it now appears that a March launch is possibly threatened.

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Astra’s founders slash their offer price to buy the company

9:31 am

The two founders of the startup Astra have now slashed their offer price from $1.50 to $0.50 per share to buy the company and take it private.

Kemp and London cited several reasons for cutting the share price. They included continued cash burn by the company since they tendered the original offer and higher “non-operating expenses” as the company used multiple third-party advisers to assess options. They also said the special committee, as well as customers and investors, sought a plan that ensured a sufficient cash balance to support company operations once the deal closed.

It appears that they are willing to let the company go into bankrupty rather than pay their original offer. The new offer of $0.50 per share however remains significantly below the present trading price of about $1.76.

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ULA begins stacking Atlas-5 rocket for launching the first manned mission of Starliner

9:26 am

ULA has begun to assemble the Atlas-5 rocket that will hopefully launch Boeing’s Starliner capsule on its first manned mission to ISS, presently targeting a late April lift-off.

The rocket’s main stage was transferred from the nearby Advanced Spaceflight Operations Center to the integration facility Wednesday, Feb. 21, where it will await integration with the rocket’s upper Centaur stage and Starliner. The spacecraft will carry NASA astronauts Suni Williams and Butch Wilmore to the orbiting laboratory for a short stay of about one to two weeks before returning to a landing site in the southwest United States.

The late April date appears to be a slight delay from previous announcements.

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Major layoff expected at Northrop Grumman’s facility at Redondo Beach, California

9:20 am

On February 26, 2024 Northrop Grumman issued a required notice to its employees at its facility at Redondo Beach, California, that a major layoff of about a thousand employees, about 14% of its workforce at this location, is upcoming.

No reason was given for the cuts, nor did the notice indicate what divisions at the facility would be most affected. However, the cancellation only two weeks ago of a $733 million satellite contract with the Space Force — due to scheduling issues and budget overages — is likely a factor. In addition, the cost overruns in building the habitable module for NASA’s Lunar Gateway space station probably also contributed.

The company has also had problems with its Antares rocket, which relied on Russian engines and a Ukrainian-built first stage. It is presently grounded while Firefly designs and constructs a new American-built first stage. Northrop has had to also spend extra money to buy launch services from SpaceX to get its Cygnus cargo capsule to ISS.

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Odysseus’ tip-over likely caused because it landed without good elevation data

9:08 am

It appears that the improvised switch to a NASA range finder instrument just before landing only partly worked during Odysseus’s landing attempt on the Moon, causing the spacecraft to hit the ground at too great a speed with too much laterial motion, resulting in the snapping of one leg and the lander tipping over.

Apparently, Odysseus could no longer process altitude data from the NASA instrument once it was within 15 kilometers of the surface. It had to rely on its optical cameras, a poor substitute.

By comparing imagery data frame by frame, the flight computer could determine how fast it was moving relative to the lunar surface. Knowing its initial velocity and altitude prior to initiating powered descent and using data from the inertial measurement unit (IMU) on board Odysseus, it could get a rough idea of altitude. But that only went so far. “So we’re coming down to our landing site with no altimeter,” Altemus said.

Unfortunately, as it neared the lunar surface, the lander believed it was about 100 meters higher relative to the Moon than it actually was. So instead of touching down with a vertical velocity of just 1 meter per second and no lateral movement, Odysseus was coming down three times faster and with a lateral speed of 2 meters per second.

Though the spacecraft landed upright, the high speed and sideways motion caused one leg to snap, and the spacecraft then fell over. In this sideways position Odysseus’ main solar panel could not get enough sunlight, forcing the mission to end prematurely.

A final press conference summing up the mission is scheduled for 2 pm (Eastern) today.

Was the mission a success? The failures and problems during touchdown illustrated engineering and management issues that must be addressed before the next flight. At the same time, the mission’s number one goal was to soft land on the Moon, and it did do so, even with those serious engineering problems.

More important, this flight’s first and foremost goal was an engineering test of that technology. In this sense that mission succeeded brilliantly, revealing those last technical issues.

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Tonight’s Space Show cancelled due to computer hack

7:43 pm

My appearance tonight on the Space Show with David Livingston has been unfortunately cancelled because the Space Show website was hacked early this morning. David is struggling to get some live stream system working, hopefully by tomorrow, with me being the guest. Stay tuned.

In the meantime, his show could use some financial help to fix this problem. Even though I doing on my own fund-raiser for Behind the Black at present, I feel compelled to ask my readers to consider helping the Space Show as well. In the past two decades I have been on that show more than any other guest. It has helped spread the word about capitalism in space more than any other outlet. Here is the donation information:

Online through Paypal at www.paypal.me/thespaceshow. Using Zelle, email your donation to [david at onegiantleapfoundation dot org]. You will need to convert the “at” and “dot”. Or send a check payable to and mailed to One Giant Leap Foundation, C/O Dr. David Livingston, 11035 Lavender Hill Dr. Ste. 160-306, Las Vegas, NV 89135.

Please help if you can, especially if you have listened to the show over the years.

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A recent volcanic eruption on Mars?

1:17 pm

A recent volcanic eruption on Mars?
Click for original image.

Cool image time! The picture to the right, cropped, reduced, and sharpened to post here, was taken on December 16, 2023 by the high resolution camera on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). The science team labels the two darkened patches in the picture “plume-like features,” suggesting that the dark material was eruptive material thrown out from the depressions in a volcanic venting, that then settled on the nearby surrounding terrain.

Is that a correct interpretation? It is certainly strengthened by a different feature located about 550 miles to the northwest that looks almost the same. There, researchers theorize that the dark material surrounding a surface fissure was caused by a small volcanic event that occurred somewhere between 50,000 to 210,000 years ago. For that other location, scientists concluded as follows:

After careful comparison of this symmetrical dark feature with other dark wind-caused streaks in this region, the scientists concluded that it was not caused by wind, but is the remains of a relatively recent volcanic eruption that laid down a thin layer of material only about one foot thick.

» Read more

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FAA announces it has rubber-stamped SpaceX’s investigation of the November Starship/Superheavy test launch

9:56 am

The FAA yesterday announced that it has completed its review of SpaceX’s investigation of the November Starship/Superheavy test launch and has approved the company’s conclusions.

The Federal Aviation Administration has concluded its review of SpaceX’s investigation of the second Starship launch in November, with the regulator saying Monday that it accepted the “root causes and 17 corrective actions” identified by the company.

While this means the investigation is now closed, SpaceX must implement all the corrective actions and apply for a modified launch license before it can fly Starship again. “The FAA is evaluating SpaceX’s license modification request and expects SpaceX to submit additional required information before a final determination can be made,” the regulator said in a statement Monday.

You can read a SpaceX update of its investigation here. As previously reported, when Starship vented the extra oxygen carried to better simulate a payload it caused “a combustion event” and fires that cut off communications.

This resulted in a commanded shut down of all six engines prior to completion of the ascent burn, followed by the Autonomous Flight Safety System detecting a mission rule violation and activating the flight termination system, leading to vehicle breakup. The flight test’s conclusion came when the spacecraft was as at an altitude of ~150 km and a velocity of ~24,000 km/h, becoming the first Starship to reach outer space.

Despite SpaceX’s report, which states the company “has implemented hardware changes” to prevent a reoccurance, the FAA has still not yet issued a launch license. Based on these updates and Elon Musk’s own prediction, it appears a license will be forthcoming in the next two weeks, matching my December prediction of a March launch. Expect SpaceX to quickly launch, as it has “more Starships ready to fly,” and it wants to fly them fast in order to refine the engineering so as to move to operational flights.

It is also possible that the FAA will continue to slow-walk its approvals, and SpaceX might be left hanging for more than two weeks. Had the government not been involved, all signs suggested that SpaceX would have done its third test flight in January, and would have now been gearing up for its fourth flight. That was the kind of pace SpaceX set when it was doing its first Starship test flights during the Trump administration. The government under Joe Biden’s presidency however is not allowing that kind of launch pace.

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India names four astronauts, three of whom will fly on its first manned mission

9:38 am

Prime Minister Narendra Modi of India today revealed the four astronauts training for its first manned mission, dubbed Gaganyaan and targeting a launch next year.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Tuesday announced the names of four pilots who are undergoing training for the country’s maiden human space flight mission ‘Gaganyaan’. The pilots are – Group Captain P Balakrishnan Nair, Group Captain Ajit Krishnan, Group Captain Angad Pratap, and Wing Commander S Shukla.

Though all four are training for the mission, only three will fly. The mission itself will orbit the Earth for three days. More information about each man can be found here. All have already received astronaut training in Russia.

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First image from Odysseus on the lunar surface

9:31 am

Odysseus' view on the Moon
Click for original image.

Engineers have managed to finally download several images from Intuitive Machines’ Odysseus lunar lander, lying on its side on the Moon several hundred miles from the south pole. Five pictures were taken as the lander approached the ground. A sixth, to the right and cropped and reduced to post here, was taken after landing using a fish-eye lens. You can see two of the lander’s legs, and I think the bright spot on the horizon is the Sun.

Odysseus captured this image approximately 35 seconds after pitching over during its approach to the landing site. The camera is on the starboard aft-side of the lander in this phase.

Unfortunately, the lander’s fallen position appears to be limiting the amount of sunlight its solar panels are receiving, and thus engineers expect to shut the spacecraft down sometime today in anticipation of the lunar night. It is very doubtful Odysseus will survive that night and resume operations during the next lunar day.

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Ingenuity broke off one blade entirely

9:17 am

Ingenuity with missing blade
Click for original image.

Images using a camera on Perseverance originally designed to look closely at rocks nearby but was found capable of doing distant photography (by engineers running the rover Curiosity), Perseverance has obtained the first good close-up picture of Ingenuity since its last flight, and found that one half of one propeller blade apparently broke off during or at the end of its last flight.

That image is to the right, cropped and sharpened to post here. It was taken on February 25, 2024 by Perseverance’s Supercam camera. A second Supercam image spotted the broken blade about fifty feet away, on the sand.

Why the blade broke off remains unknown. You can see from the tracks on the ground that Ingenuity jumped downhill and sideways after landing, but if the blade had hit the ground while spinning that jump would probably have been more violent. The pictures instead suggest it broke off not from contact with something else but because it broke on its own.

The Ingenuity engineers will of course do some very careful analysis of both pictures, and possibly determine better what happened.

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The coming April 8, 2024 total eclipse

12:09 pm

The next eclipses to cross the U.S.
Map by Michael Zeiler (GreatAmericanEclipse.com). Click for original.

On April 8, 2024 a large swath of the United States, from Texas to Maine, will have the opportunity to witness personally a total eclipse of the Sun by the Moon.

If you have never experienced a total eclipse, then you must do whatever you can to see this event, since the next eclipse within the United States will not happen again until 2044. Diane and I made a special trip to Idaho Falls, Idaho in 2017 to see that eclipse, and without doubt it was an experience that is difficult to describe. As I wrote afterward:

Totality was amazing. I was amazed by two things. First, how quiet it became. There were about hundred people scattered about the hotel lawn, with dogs and kids playing around. The hotel manager’s husband set up speakers for music and to make announcements, but when totality arrived he played nothing. People stopped talking. A hush fell over everything. Moreover, I think we somehow imagine a subconscious roar from the full sun. Covered as it was, with its soft corona gleaming gently around it, it suddenly seemed still.

Secondly, the amazing unlikeliness of the Moon being at just the right distance and size to periodically cause this event seemed almost miraculous. Watching it happen drove this point home to me. And since eclipses themselves have been a critical event in the intellectual development of humanity, helping to drive learning and our understanding of the universe, it truly makes me wonder at the majesty of it. I do not believe in any particular religion or their rituals (though I consider the Bible, the Old Testament especially, to be a very good manual for creating a good life and society), but I do not deny the existence of a higher power. Something made this place, and set it up in this wonderous way. Today’s eclipse only served to demonstrate this fact to me again.

» Read more

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NASA high altitude science balloon sets new endurance record

9:57 am

GUSTO's flight path
Click for continuous tracking of GUSTO’s flight path

NASA’s GUSTO high altitude science balloon has now set a new endurance record for the most days of flight of a NASA balloon, flying more than 57 days over the continent of Antarctica at the south pole.

The map to the right shows GUSTO’s entire journey. The blue line was its first phrase of travel, the green its second phase, and the red its present stage.

GUSTO was launched at 1:30 a.m. EST Dec. 31 from the Long Duration Balloon Camp near McMurdo Station, Antarctica. The balloon mission not only broke the flight record but continues its path circumnavigating the South Pole. The stadium-sized zero-pressure scientific balloon and observatory are currently reaching altitudes above 125,000 feet. “The health of the balloon and the stratospheric winds are both contributing to the success of the mission so far,” said Hamilton. “The balloon and balloon systems have been performing beautifully, and we’re seeing no degradation in the performance of the balloon. The winds in the stratosphere have been very favorable and have provided stable conditions for extended flight.”

The previous NASA record was a balloon that it flew in 2012. GUSTO itself is being used to map the Milky Way’s carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen that is found between the stars in gas clouds.

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China to attempt 100 launches in 2024

9:47 am

China’s state-run press today announced that the country will attempt 100 launches in 2024, a number that includes launches from official government space agencies as well as a number of pseudo-companies that are supervised closely by that government.

This prediction now gives us a reasonably complete list of predictions from all the major players in the international launch market. Adding them all together, that market is predicting it will complete 366 launches in 2024, a number that would be 58% higher than the record set last year of 213 successful launches in a single year.

Will it happen? Not likely. Every one of those players routinely overstates its goals from year to year. For example, Russia’s numbers are always vastly high, with this year predicting 40 launches, a number that country hasn’t achieved in almost three decades.

At the same time, both China and SpaceX, the biggest players in this market, have been very good in recent years of predicting their output, only slightly missing their stated goals.

Based on these facts, it remains distinctly possible that the world’s global rocket industry will complete more than 300 successful launches in 2024, a number that is more three times higher than the average number of launches per year from the dawn of the space age in 1957 through 2021.

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