New gamma ray burst violates the explanations of scientists
The uncertainty of science: A newly discovered long gamma ray burst (GRB) that appears to have been formed by the merger of two neutron stars has contradicted the long held views of scientists as to the origin of this particular type of GRB.
Prior to the discovery of this burst, astronomers mostly thought that there were just two ways to produce a GRB. The collapse of a massive star just before it explodes in a supernova could make a long gamma-ray burst, lasting more than two seconds. Or a pair of dense stellar corpses called neutron stars could collide, merge and form a new black hole, releasing a short gamma-ray burst of two seconds or less.
But there had been some outliers. A surprisingly short GRB in 2020 seemed to come from a massive star’s implosion (SN: 8/2/21). And some long-duration GRBs dating back to 2006 lacked a supernova after the fact, raising questions about their origins. “We always knew there was an overlap,” says astrophysicist Chryssa Kouveliotou of George Washington University in Washington, D.C., who wrote the 1993 paper that introduced the two GRB categories, but was not involved in the new work. “There were some outliers which we did not know how to interpret.”
There’s no such mystery about GRB 211211A: The burst lasted more than 50 seconds and was clearly accompanied by a kilonova, the characteristic glow of new elements being forged after a neutron star smashup.
Kouveliotou’s claim is not how I remember things back in 1990s. Then, the astronomers seemed certain that the two GRB classes were entirely separate, with no overlap, despite the large number of uncertainties.
Now available in hardback and paperback as well as ebook!
From the press release: In this ground-breaking new history of early America, historian Robert Zimmerman not only exposes the lie behind The New York Times 1619 Project that falsely claims slavery is central to the history of the United States, he also provides profound lessons about the nature of human societies, lessons important for Americans today as well as for all future settlers on Mars and elsewhere in space.
Conscious Choice: The origins of slavery in America and why it matters today and for our future in outer space, is a riveting page-turning story that documents how slavery slowly became pervasive in the southern British colonies of North America, colonies founded by a people and culture that not only did not allow slavery but in every way were hostile to the practice.
Conscious Choice does more however. In telling the tragic history of the Virginia colony and the rise of slavery there, Zimmerman lays out the proper path for creating healthy societies in places like the Moon and Mars.
“Zimmerman’s ground-breaking history provides every future generation the basic framework for establishing new societies on other worlds. We would be wise to heed what he says.” —Robert Zubrin, founder of founder of the Mars Society.
All editions are available at Amazon, Barnes & Noble, and all book vendors, with the ebook priced at $5.99 before discount. All editions can also be purchased direct from the ebook publisher, ebookit, in which case you don't support the big tech companies and the author gets a bigger cut much sooner.
Autographed printed copies are also available at discount directly from me (hardback $24.95; paperback $14.95; Shipping cost for either: $5.00). Just email me at zimmerman @ nasw dot org.
The uncertainty of science: A newly discovered long gamma ray burst (GRB) that appears to have been formed by the merger of two neutron stars has contradicted the long held views of scientists as to the origin of this particular type of GRB.
Prior to the discovery of this burst, astronomers mostly thought that there were just two ways to produce a GRB. The collapse of a massive star just before it explodes in a supernova could make a long gamma-ray burst, lasting more than two seconds. Or a pair of dense stellar corpses called neutron stars could collide, merge and form a new black hole, releasing a short gamma-ray burst of two seconds or less.
But there had been some outliers. A surprisingly short GRB in 2020 seemed to come from a massive star’s implosion (SN: 8/2/21). And some long-duration GRBs dating back to 2006 lacked a supernova after the fact, raising questions about their origins. “We always knew there was an overlap,” says astrophysicist Chryssa Kouveliotou of George Washington University in Washington, D.C., who wrote the 1993 paper that introduced the two GRB categories, but was not involved in the new work. “There were some outliers which we did not know how to interpret.”
There’s no such mystery about GRB 211211A: The burst lasted more than 50 seconds and was clearly accompanied by a kilonova, the characteristic glow of new elements being forged after a neutron star smashup.
Kouveliotou’s claim is not how I remember things back in 1990s. Then, the astronomers seemed certain that the two GRB classes were entirely separate, with no overlap, despite the large number of uncertainties.
Now available in hardback and paperback as well as ebook!
From the press release: In this ground-breaking new history of early America, historian Robert Zimmerman not only exposes the lie behind The New York Times 1619 Project that falsely claims slavery is central to the history of the United States, he also provides profound lessons about the nature of human societies, lessons important for Americans today as well as for all future settlers on Mars and elsewhere in space.
Conscious Choice: The origins of slavery in America and why it matters today and for our future in outer space, is a riveting page-turning story that documents how slavery slowly became pervasive in the southern British colonies of North America, colonies founded by a people and culture that not only did not allow slavery but in every way were hostile to the practice.
Conscious Choice does more however. In telling the tragic history of the Virginia colony and the rise of slavery there, Zimmerman lays out the proper path for creating healthy societies in places like the Moon and Mars.
“Zimmerman’s ground-breaking history provides every future generation the basic framework for establishing new societies on other worlds. We would be wise to heed what he says.” —Robert Zubrin, founder of founder of the Mars Society.
All editions are available at Amazon, Barnes & Noble, and all book vendors, with the ebook priced at $5.99 before discount. All editions can also be purchased direct from the ebook publisher, ebookit, in which case you don't support the big tech companies and the author gets a bigger cut much sooner.
Autographed printed copies are also available at discount directly from me (hardback $24.95; paperback $14.95; Shipping cost for either: $5.00). Just email me at zimmerman @ nasw dot org.
The words “We think” comes to mind
“New gamma ray burst violates the explanations of scientist“
I am shocked! It always baffles me when scientist who are so certain that they figured out their environment, that they are not open to any new discoveries because it does not fit their model.
It turns there world upside down.
Instead of revisiting the model to come up with better explanations that fit the evidence, they would rather fudge the evidence and shoehorn it into the existing model. This is why I believe most scientists are not scientist but highly educated secular priests, ritually ordained in the religious rituals and incantations with a mantra they must repeat and perform like some kind of taboo or superstition that keeps their ordered mind of certainty from strain outside the lines of creative process.
There lies heresy when questioning the theocracy which will destroy a reputation and a life‘s work undone.
Even Galileo waited until his old age to reveal his observations, although he spent the rest of his life as a heretic under house arrest, his observations were verified and established as fact.
Just as two thunderstorms miles apart can connect through lightning with a massive amount of electron discharge… (producing visual, audio, and magnetic affects which can be measured for 100’s of miles and even from space) so can clouds of dust and gas in space collect massive charges resulting in unusual gamma ray burst.
Two large stellar objects could occasionally discharge to each other through the same gas clouds. It doesn’t necessarily mean that a collision has occurred between stellar objects.
I would think this would be a rare thing to occur, if it’s even possible because gravity is one of the weaker forces in nature. (magnetic attraction a static fields is so much stronger) Objects must be extremely close to have an effect gravitationally on each other… And yet everything is connected by this force, even over great distances.
As for black holes colliding, not very likely. There’s too many changes in physical properties with energies and unknown things that can occur that they are not taking into consideration. Just the time stopping at the event horizon would prevent a collision from occurring, or occurring so slowly that will take thousands if not millions of years.
For example, because of the intense gravity, the space between Black holes, even though they could be a light years apart, would contract causing the massive gravitational bodies to merge through a wormhole. The larger would suck the smaller dry through the quantum straw (over millions of years from our perspective because of the absence of time in such a distorted reference frame)
High energy leakage through a time distortion would be observable as low frequency background noise possibly radio burst. With a little imagination, it could also be the source of slow moving heavy particles known as cosmic radiation that has escaped through imperfect connections.
When the mass of the smaller object has been consumed to the point the connection can no longer be sustained, the wormhole will snap like a rubber band, with any material inside being expelled into real time and space being accelerated in a massive energy burst!
There can be neutron stars or normal stars who orbit other celestial bodies that momentarily make and break such a connection during a close encounter or parabolic orbit. A magnetos star would be essentially a capacitor waiting until its potential has been superseded to discharge such a large GammaRay burst.
After all, we know gravitational attraction holds a galaxy together on a level that is observable but not detected easily… That’s why black matter or dark matter was created to explain to the simple mind what cannot be seen or imagined.
Do not sail your ship beyond the sight of land, there are monsters out there and you could sail off the edge of the world…. Or discover something new and fantastic that will change the course of history!