Category: Behind The Black

NASA abandons core module idea for its commercial space station program

8:56 am

The American space stations under development

Bowing to the unanimous opposition by the three most advanced commercial space station startups, NASA official Bethany Stevens yesterday announced that it is abandoning its proposed core module space station concept and returning its commercial space station program to its original plan, whereby the private stations all compete independently.

Industry has provided extensive feedback making the case for a sustainable commercial market in which NASA is one customer among many, along with assurances regarding available transportation capabilities. The industry position will now shape the path forward as NASA proceeds with the original commercial strategy.

Over the coming weeks, NASA will work with stakeholders and industry to refine flexible requirements and acquisition plans, with a draft RFP expected later this month.

The original plan was for the private sector to compete for one or two major construction contracts from NASA. The core module approach, put forth under NASA administrator Jared Isaacman’s leadership in March, instead made them all part of a government space station, like ISS, at least initially. Under that plan the new commercial space stations would attach their first modules to a government-built core module that NASA would first build and own. Isaacman proposed this because he and NASA believed it didn’t have the budget to finance more than one commercial station, and that the agency didn’t think there was sufficient market to make up the difference.

Officials from Vast, Starlab, Axiom and elsewhere all expressed opposition to the core module plan, insisting there was sufficient market to finance their stations, even without NASA. They also opposed the core module plan because it would require major changes in their present designs, and they had great doubt NASA could build that core module quickly enough for their financial purposes.

Isaacman and NASA apparently listened to these objections, and were convinced their idea was a mistake and the industry was right. It is now reviewing its budget and will decide whether it can do what it originally hoped, award two stations a major contract.

Either way, the recent news from all these three stations suggests they are increasingly in a strong position, whether or not they win that NASA contract.

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France buys two manned missions from space station startup Vast

8:30 am

Haven-1 with docked Dragon capsule
Artist rendering of Haven-1 with docked
Dragon capsule

In a major deal that solidifies its future space station plans, the space station startup Vast yesterday announced that the French government had agreed to fly two Vast manned missions, first to ISS and then to its Haven-1 single module space station scheduled for launch in 2027.

Today at the Choose France Summit, created by the President of the French Republic, Emmanuel Macron, Vast announced its commitment to establish its European headquarters in Paris and an agreement with the Government of France, for two missions involving two French astronauts: the sixth private astronaut mission to the International Space Station and the Haven-1 test flight, the first crewed mission to Vast’s Haven-1 commercial space station scheduled to launch in 2027.

…Both missions are expected to last approximately two weeks and are planned for 2027, with transportation provided by SpaceX on a Dragon spacecraft launched aboard a Falcon 9 rocket.

For the ISS mission, the astronaut will be rookie Arnaud Prost. For the Haven-1 mission, the astronaut will be veteran Thomas Pesquet, who has flown twice to ISS with a cumulative total of just under 400 days in space.

Vast had previously signed preliminary deals with Lithuania, Colombia, Uzbekistan, Japan, the Czech Republic, and the Maldives, but none of those deals had committed to a manned mission. I had speculated that these nations were waiting for Haven-1 to launch and be declared operational. France has decided not to wait.

This deal is also a major coup for Vast over its space station competitor Starlab, which had previously signed a deal with the European Space Agency and Airbus in an effort to position itself as Europe’s future space station. That deal however had not included any actual missions.

UPDATE: Vast appears to have also signed an agreement with the United Kingdom to fly one of its astronauts to Haven-1. And in this case the astronaut, John McFall, is a former paralympian who lost one leg in a motorcycle accident. This would would make him the first person with disabilities ever to fly in space.

My present ranking of the five stations under development, with Vast now in the lead and Starlab and Axiom tied for second.
» Read more

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Blue Origin CEO: “We will fly again before the end of this year.”

8:01 am

New Glenn launchpad damage
New Glenn launchpad damage. Click for
video source.

In a tweet on X late yesterday, Blue Origin’s CEO David Limp gave a generally positive report of the damage to the launchpad and facilities after last week’s explosion during a static fire test of its New Glenn rocket.

The propellant farm, oxygen, liquid hydrogen and LNG tanks are all in good shape. This is good luck because these are very long lead items. The water tower is also good. The big support tower is damaged, but it can be repaired in place rather than torn down and replaced. The booster “Never Tell Me The Odds” [first stage] and the three GS-2s [upper stages] that were onsite in the integration facility also look good.

…In addition, we had already been working for some time on eliminating our transporter-erector in favor of an alternative vertical conop, and we’ll now go directly to that; so we don’t need a new transporter-erector.

He added that they will proceed quickly in launching the present design of New Glenn, instead of upgrading to the proposed more powerful version, as some in the space community have speculated. He then said what I quote above: “We will fly again before the end of this year.”

While many in the space community appear skeptical of this possibility, I am not. Getting the launchpad rebuilt and workable again based on this report does not seem a gigantic challenge. If the Russians can rebuild their Soyuz pad in just over three months there is no doubt an American company with the financial and technical resources of Blue Origin can do as well if not better. Moreover, except for the replacing the strongback with a vertical mobile transporter, the rest of the work requires no redesign.

The big question however will be tracing the cause of the explosion and fixing that. But even here, I can’t see this taking more than seven months. I might have said so three years ago, before Limp took over from Blue Origin’s previous very bad CEO, but Limp has made a decided effort to quicken Blue Origin’s operational pace. I think he will make this happen.

I also think there is a potential very bright silver lining to this failure. If Limp does what he should, Blue Origin is going to recover from this incident a much better company. By forcing quick action, Limp is going to be able to separate the wheat from the chaff in his staffing, and weed out the bad eggs in the company.

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June 1, 2026 Quick space links

3:05 pm

Courtesy of BtB’s stringer Jay. This post is also an open thread. I welcome my readers to post any comments or additional links relating to any space issues, even if unrelated to the links below.

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An active galaxy peered at by Webb in the infrared

10:57 am

M77 as seen by Webb
Click for original image.

Cool image time! The false-color infrared image to the right, cropped and reduced to post here, was taken by the Webb Space Telescope as part of a research of “massive, nearby, star-forming galaxies.” It shows Messier 77 (M77), a barred spiral galaxy located 45 million light-years away.

What makes the image cool are the eight diffraction spikes, which are an artifact of Webb and its camera.

Called diffraction spikes, they are created because the intense light from the unresolved AGN is bent (“diffracted”) very slightly at the edges of Webb’s hexagonal mirror panels and around one of the struts that hold up its secondary mirror. This distinctive six-plus-two-pointed pattern is the same for any image taken by Webb. For diffraction spikes to appear, the light source has to be very bright and very concentrated, so they’re most often seen on stars. But in some galaxies, as here, the nucleus is bright and compact enough to make diffraction spikes appear as well.

In the case of M77, the nucleus is especially bright.

At the heart of M77 is a compact region filled with hot gas that handily outshines the rest of the galaxy put together, even overcoming the light-gathering capacity of Webb’s cameras. This is an active galactic nucleus (AGN), and it’s powered by M77’s central supermassive black hole, which is eight million times as massive as our Sun. Gas in the galaxy’s central regions is pulled by the strong gravity into a tight and rapid orbit around the black hole, where it crashes together and heats up, releasing tremendous amounts of radiation.

The result is this very cool image that also highlights a great deal about galaxies and their evolution.

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China successfully completes maiden launch of its Long March 12B rocket

9:09 am

China today successfully completed a surprise and unannounced first launch of its new Long March 12B rocket, lifting off from its Jiuquan spaceport in northwest China. Video of the launch (courtesy of BtB’s stringer Jay) can be viewed here.

The launch was unusual in several ways. First, no prelaunch “notices to airmen” were provided to warn them how to avoid the rocket’s flight path. This violates all standard procedures.

Second, this first test flight was also an operational one, placing a batch of Qiafan (SpaceSail) satellites into orbit. This internet constellation is meant to compete with Starlink and Leo, and will eventually have as many as 12,000 satellites in orbit. At present it is aiming to get 648 in orbit by the end of the year. China’s state-run press however did not reveal the number of satellites launched. After the previous launch in mid-May it was estimated there were about 170-180 satellites already in space, suggesting the count has now exceeded 200.

Third, and in line with the first two items, China’s state-run press provided no information about where the rocket’s first stage crashed. Though this rocket uses much less toxic kerosene as its fuel, it is still a big object falling uncontrolled. China says it plans to make the first stage reusable, thus eliminating this problem.

This rocket itself is powerful, designed to put 20 tons in orbit, and gives China an increased capability to put mass into space.

The leaders in the 2026 launch race:

64 SpaceX
32 China
8 Russia
7 Rocket Lab

For the third straight year SpaceX leads the entire world combined in total launches, 64 to 57.

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FAA releases more information about SpaceX’s proposed Starfall recoverable capsule

8:41 am

Back in July 2025 it was reported that SpaceX was developing its own recoverable capsule design — dubbed Starfall and comparable in concept to Varda’s capsules.

Under the plan, internally called Starfall, SpaceX’s Starship rocket would bring products such as pharmaceutical components to space in small, uncrewed capsules, said one of the people, who spoke on condition of anonymity because the matter is confidential.

Starship would then deploy the capsules, which would spend time in orbit before reentering the atmosphere, where they could be recovered back on Earth, the person added.

Starfall concept

The FAA has now released an environmental assessment of the design that provides more information, including the first proposed demo missions. The graphic to the right is from that assessment, and provides a simplified illustration of the capsule’s size and shape.

The FAA decision approves two reentries of Starfall capsules in the Pacific Ocean about 1,300 kilometers off the coasts of California and Mexico. The capsules would launch on either Falcon 9 or Starship vehicles, going into orbit before reentry or flying a direct suborbital trajectory to the landing zone.

The capsules are disk-shaped, 0.75 meters tall and 3.1 meters in diameter at the top. The capsules have cold-gas attitude control thrusters but no other propulsion system and do not have the ability to deorbit on their own. The vehicle consists of two parts: a top plate and a heat shield. The top plate is an aluminum structure partially wrapped in an unspecified thermal protection material and weighs 1,400 kilograms. The heat shield is a carbon-fiber structure covered in thermal protection material and also contains nitrogen gas bottles used for the thrusters and other systems. It weighs about 700 kilograms.

The vehicle would slow its descent using a single main parachute, along with pilot and drogue parachutes, with the heat shield jettisoned before splashdown. The FAA documents state that SpaceX will use boats to recover all elements of the spacecraft after splashdown.

No timeline for these tests was provided. It appears SpaceX wants to manufacture and fly these in large numbers, using Starship. It also appears it would be in direct competition with Varda and a host of other startups that have raised capital and are developing their own capsules. In the U.S. Varda, Inversion Space, and Sierra Space have raised money for doing such orbital work. In Europe, The Exploration Company in France, Atmos in Germany, PLD in Spain, Genesis in Croatia, and Space Cargo in Luxembourg have also raised capital. So far, Varda is the only company to successfully fly capsules.

Because all would be depended on other rocket companies to launch their capsules, including SpaceX, Starfall raises some legitimate antitrust questions. SpaceX’s ability to undercut its rivals in this area, as both capsule and rocket provider, would be unmatched, and could easily wipe out all competition.

The competitive need for more launch providers at low cost is becoming increasingly critical.

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China launches satellite to test cell-to-satellite communications

9:12 am

China today successfully launched a satellite to test “direct broadband connectivity of mobile phone with satellite”, its Long March 2D rocket lifting off from its Xichang spaceport in southwest China.

China’s state-run press released no information about where the rocket’s lower stages, using very toxic hypergolic fuels, crashed inside China.

The leaders in the 2026 launch race:

64 SpaceX
31 China
8 Russia
7 Rocket Lab

For the third straight year SpaceX leads the entire world combined in total launches, 64 to 56.

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Space Force awards SpaceX a $4.16 billion satellite contract, the second this week

2:17 pm

The Space Force yesterday awarded SpaceX a $4.16 billion contract to build a satellite constellation to track all flying objects, in addition to the $2.29 billion contract it awarded the company earlier in the week for a different data/communications constellation.

The $4.16 billion Other Transaction Authority agreement is for the Space-Based Airborne Moving Target Indicator (SB-AMTI) program, which aims to develop and field a network of satellites carrying sensors that can continuously detect and follow airborne targets. The deal will allow the Space Force to field an AMTI constellation by 2028, Space Systems Command said in a press release.

Space Force officials also noted that this contract is only the first, and that it does not intend to rely just on SpaceX for this tracking constellation. It intends to use “a highly diversified pool of traditional and non-traditional vendors, each bringing various capabilities” to the system.

Regardless, SpaceX’s satellite division this week won two Pentagon contracts worth more than $6 billion. Not bad work if you can get it.

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SpaceX launches more Starlink satellites

1:07 pm

SpaceX this morning successfully placed another 24 Starlink satellites into orbit, its Falcon 9 rocket lifting off from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California.

The first stage completed its 22nd flight, landing on a drone ship in the Pacific.

The leaders in the 2026 launch race:

64 SpaceX
30 China
8 Russia
7 Rocket Lab

For the third straight year SpaceX leads the entire world combined in total launches, 64 to 55.

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ULA’s Atlas-5 rocket launches 29 Leo satellites for Amazon

5:26 pm

ULA this evening successfully placed 29 more Leo satellites into orbit for Amazon, its Atlas-5 rocket lifting off from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida.

ULA is in the process of retiring the Atlas-5 rocket. It now has only seven Atlas-5 rockets left in stock, with one reserved for Leo launches and six for Boeing’s Starliner manned capsule (though there is a good chance some if not all of the Starliner launches will be switched to other payloads). Because its Vulcan rocket, intended to replace Atlas-5, is presently grounded, the company appears to be accelerating Atlas-5 launches, with the last few launches space only about a month apart.

With this launch, Amazon now has 331 Leo satellites in orbit, out of the 1,616 it needs to launch by July to meet its FCC license requirement. It is not going to meet that requirement, because two of the five rockets it contracted for launches are presently grounded (ULA’s Vulcan and Blue Origin’s New Glenn), and only one launch is presently scheduled before July, by Arianespace’s Ariane-6. Furthermore, ULA has only one more Atlas-5 scheduled for Leo, and the ten launches Amazon had purchased from SpaceX are not scheduled. For these reasons, Amazon has asked for a time extension, which the FCC is presently considering.

As this was only the fourth launch by ULA in 2026, the leader board for the 2026 launch race remains unchanged:

63 SpaceX
30 China
8 Russia
7 Rocket Lab

For the third straight year SpaceX leads the entire world combined in total launches, 63 to 54.

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May 29, 2026 Quick space links

2:46 pm

Courtesy of BtB’s stringer Jay. This post is also an open thread. I welcome my readers to pot anycomments or additional links relating toany space issues, even if unrelatd to the links below.

6 comments

SpaceX launches another 29 Starlink satellites

11:19 am

SpaceX this morning successfully placed 29 more Starlink satellites into orbit, its Falcon 9 rocket lifting off from Cape Canaveral Space Force station in Florida. The first stage completed its 16th flight (57 days after its last flight), landing on a drone ship in the Atlantic.

The leaders in the 2026 launch race:

63 SpaceX
30 China
8 Russia
7 Rocket Lab

For the third straight year SpaceX leads the entire world combined in total launches, 63 to 53.

ULA has an Atlas-5 launch scheduled for this evening to launch 29 Leo satellites for Amazon, but at the moment the weather does not look promising.

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Firefly announces new stock sale aimed at raising more than a half billion in new funds

11:08 am

The publicly traded rocket/lunar lander company Firefly yesterday announced a new public offering of stock, totalling more than 12 million shares, with the goal of raising more than a half billion for “general corporate purposes.”

Firefly Aerospace (Nasdaq: FLY), a market leading space and defense technology company, today announced the pricing of its public offering of 4,000,000 shares of its common stock and 8,000,000 shares of common stock by certain selling stockholders (the “Offering”) at a public offering price of $48.00 per share. In addition, the selling stockholders have granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 1,800,000 shares of common stock at the public offering price, less underwriting discounts and commissions. The Offering is expected to close on June 1, 2026, subject to customary closing conditions.

Firefly intends to use the net proceeds from the Offering for general corporate purposes, including to support growth of core business and recently awarded programs and initiatives. Firefly will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders.

Firefly's stock history
Click for source.

Simple math says this offering hopes to raise $576 million dollars, assuming the $48 per share price holds.

The graph to the right shows the full price history of Firefly’s stock since the initial public offering in 2025. After an initial high around $60, the stock sagged to around $20, and only has recovered back into the $40 to $50 range in the past few months. It appears therefore that the company has well timed this new offering.

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Curiosity drill samples taken at different elevations show different Martian climates

10:11 am

Core samples used in study
Figure S1 of the study, showing the location
of the core samples. Click for source.

By comparing 20 different Curiosity drill samples taken during the rover’s fourteen years on Mars, scientists have detected hard evidence that the climate in Gale Crater was distinctly different at different elevations, for long periods.

This study shows that hematite can also be a marker of climate changes based on its crystallite sizes and structures, which change under different temperatures. The scientists found that hematite crystallites from higher elevations in Gale Crater were less than 10 nanometers in size, while crystallites from lower locations were generally larger, reaching up to 65 nanometers. These findings aligned with the observations that samples from higher elevations contained both hematite and goethite, while lower elevation samples lacked goethite.

They concluded that, under warmer conditions when the pH of water is neutral or slightly alkaline, goethite can transform into hematite. These warmer conditions also favored an increase in hematite crystallite size in the deeper layers of Gale Crater through a process known as Ostwald ripening, in which smaller crystallites dissolve and contribute to the growth of larger ones. “This can tell you that the top layers were colder and didn’t have enough water, or the water presence was relatively short-lived, so the crystallites didn’t have sufficient time and conditions to grow in size,” said Peretyazhko. “But the lower layers had longstanding warm water that allowed those crystallites to grow.”

The white dots on the map to the right shows the location of the drill samples used, taken along Curiosity’s travels as it climbed Mount Sharp. Overall Curiosity has climbed about 2,500 feet, so the differences found the samples mark the past climate differences between the crater floor and the mountain’s foothills. According to this data, the crater floor had long-standing water in some form, exceeding millions of years. At higher altitudes there was less and less, and it was there for increasingly shorter periods.

As the press release notes, “A unique highlight of this study is that the data comes from Martian samples, rather than from theoretical modeling.” Similar conclusions from earlier Curiosity data required Earth proxies and computer modeling. This result is from hard data from Mars.

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South Korean rocket startup Innospace signs up another American satellite launch manager

8:20 am

Less than five seconds after launch
Hanbit-Nano less than five seconds after launch and
just prior to its failure in December 2025.

The South Korean rocket startup Innospace has signed a deal with the American company Ensemble Commercial Services to help obtain satellite contracts and manage the integration and deployment of these payloads.

This marks INNOSPACE’s second launch service distribution agreement in the U.S., following its agreement signed in August last year with Texas-based Arrow Science and Technology, LLC. By securing multiple local partners in the U.S., INNOSPACE plans to enhance customer accessibility in the North American market and accelerate its efforts to identify satellite launch demand and expand sales activities.

Under the agreement, Ensemble will identify potential customers in the U.S., including satellite companies, space startups and research institutions, and connect them with launch service opportunities offered by INNOSPACE for small satellites. Ensemble will also provide regular market updates on the U.S. satellite industry, launch demand trends and potential customer activities, supporting INNOSPACE’s sales activities in the U.S. market.

…With this agreement, INNOSPACE has now secured launch service distribution partners across nine companies in seven countries, including Taiwan, Japan, Italy, the Netherlands, the U.S., Germany and the United Kingdom.

Innospace has made one failed attempt in December 2025 to launch its Hanbit-Nano rocket. It hopes to try again in the third quarter of this year.

Hat tip to BtB’s stringer Jay.

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Hundreds of NASA-funded researchers violated the law that bans working with China

7:45 am

ASU, apparently one of many universities filled with people now hostile to America
ASU, apparently one of many universities filled
with people now hostile to America

According to a just completed House investigation, hundreds of academics and universities have routinely violated the law by taking NASA funding for their research but then working hand-in-glove with Chinese individuals or institutions.

A House investigation has identified hundreds of scientific publications in which NASA-funded U.S. researchers appear to have conducted joint work with Chinese institutions, potential violations of a federal law that has barred such collaboration for more than a decade.

The report, released on Wednesday by the House Select Committee on the Chinese Communist Party, also found that, in several instances, some of that research involved collaboration between National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) scientists and institutions that are part of “China’s defense research and industrial base.”

You can read the full report here [pdf]. Among its numerous findings for example it notes that Arizona State University and Stanford University both filed false certifications, stating that they were not working with Chinese individuals, agencies, or institutes, even though their later published papers blandly listed such individuals, agencies, and institutes. The report lists numerous other similar examples.

During Trump’s first administration the Justice Department made a concerted effort to enforce this law. Under Biden that effort ended (with many prosecutions abandoned), to be replaced with a zealous effort to ignore it, an effort enthusiastically supported by the partisan leftist academic community. This new report essential outlines the violations that began during the Biden era.

China is aggressively working on all levels to steal technology from the west. Sadly, it is more and more aided by America’s university system and the administrators, professors, and researchers based there, a large majority of whom are now outright hostile to our country and wish to sabotage it.

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