Worlds without end: The catalog of exoplanets has now jumped to over 1,000.
How to keep an old space telescope in operation and scientifically useful.
Cassini has taken a spectacular full color image of Saturn’s hexagon-shaped storm that surrounds its north pole.
Boom! A remotely operated Russian telescope, located in New Mexico, on Wednesday discovered a kilometer wide Near Earth asteroid.
The asteroid, believed to be the 704th largest with an orbit that comes relatively near Earth, does not pose a danger of crashing into our planet, said the head of the observatory that made the discovery. “It’s a big asteroid, but it poses no danger for us,” Leonid Elenin, who lives in the Moscow Region, told RIA Novosti on Friday.
Finding a new asteroid like this illustrates that there might be other such large objects out there undiscovered. Also cool is how the Russians discovered it, using equipment in the United States!
Posted from Midland, Texas, the center of the world for the American oil industry.
Astronomers have found evidence of the remains of an exoplanet that they think was once wet and rocky.
Using observations obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope and the large telescopes of the W. M. Keck Observatory , they found an excess of oxygen – a chemical signature that indicates that the debris had once been part of a bigger body originally composed of 26 per cent water by mass. By contrast, only approximately 0.023 per cent of the Earth’s mass is water.
From what I can gather, the actual data here is somewhat skimpy, requring a lot of assumptions for the scientists to come to this conclusion. Nonetheless, the data is interesting and very tantalizing.
Posted from Memphis, Tennessee.
Is a natural rain of diamonds occurring on Jupiter and Saturn? Two scientists say yes!
In their scenario, lightning zaps molecules of methane in the upper atmospheres of Saturn and Jupiter, liberating carbon atoms. These atoms then stick onto each other, forming larger particles of carbon soot, which the Cassini spacecraft may have spotted in dark storm clouds on Saturn3. As the soot particles slowly float down through ever-denser layers of gaseous and liquid hydrogen towards the planets’ rocky cores, they experience ever greater pressures and temperatures. The soot is compressed into graphite, and then into solid diamonds before reaching a temperature of about 8,000 °C, when the diamond melts, forming liquid diamond raindrops, they say. Inside Saturn, the conditions are right for diamond ‘hail’ to form, beginning at a depth of about 6,000 kilometres into the atmosphere and extending for another 30,000 km below that, says Baines. He estimates that Saturn may harbour about 10 million tonnes of diamond produced this way, with most of it made up of rocks no bigger than a millimetre and perhaps some chunks spanning 10 centimeters.
But don’t invest your money yet in a diamond gathering expedition. This is only a theory, which many scientists dispute.
Astronomers have discovered a planet floating freely and not in orbit around a star only six times larger than Jupiter and only 80 light years away.
Posted from Manassas, Virginia. Our journey continues. Tomorrow, Thursday, we begin our drive back to Arizona.
Using archival Hubble images astronomers have rediscovered a moon of Neptune lost for twenty years.
New data suggests that Pluto’s atmosphere is thick enough to not freeze out during the planet’s decades-long winter.
Scientists believe they have identified the remains of a supervolcano on Mars.
This volcano would apparently be bigger than Mars’s four giant volcanoes that are still the biggest known in the solar system.
The weather on an exoplanet: Cloudy and clear.
Astronomers using data from NASA’s Kepler and Spitzer space telescopes have created the first cloud map of a planet beyond our solar system, a sizzling, Jupiter-like world known as Kepler-7b. The planet is marked by high clouds in the west and clear skies in the east. Previous studies from Spitzer have resulted in temperature maps of planets orbiting other stars, but this is the first look at cloud structures on a distant world.
This result is cool, but no one should take it too seriously. They have detected evidence of that to the scientists “suggest” clouds, but no one really knows.
Comet ISON has now brightened to 11th magnitude as it approaches its flyby of Mars.
The story above is hopeful the comet will put on a show in November, but I am increasingly doubtful. To be even visible to the naked eye it must brighten to 6th magnitude, and it appears to be brightening far slower than expected.
Posted as we drive through El Paso, Texas.
In a paper published today on the Los Alamos astro-ph preprint service, astronomers propose that as many as eleven past extinction events can be linked to the Sun’s passage through the spiral arms of the Milky Way. (You can download the paper here [pdf].)
A correlation was found between the times at which the Sun crosses the spiral arms and six known mass extinction events. Furthermore, we identify five additional historical mass extinction events that might be explained by the motion of the Sun around our Galaxy. These five additional significant drops in marine genera that we find include significant reductions in diversity at 415, 322, 300, 145 and 33 Myr ago. Our simulations indicate that the Sun has spent ~60% of its time passing through our Galaxy’s various spiral arms.
The figure on the right, from their paper, shows the Sun’s orbit in red over the last half billion years. The Sun’s present position is indicated by the yellow spot, and the eleven extinctions are indicated by the circles.
There are obviously a great deal of uncertainties in this conclusion. Most significantly, the shape and history of the Milky Way remains very much in doubt, especially since we reside within it and cannot really get a good look at it. Though in recent years astronomers have assembled a reasonable image of the galaxy’s shape — a barred spiral with two major arms and several minor ones — this picture includes many assumptions that could very easily be wrong.
Nonetheless, the paper’s conclusions are interesting.
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Voyager 1 has enough nuclear fuel to keep doing science through to 2025, and then it will be dead, adrift. On its current trajectory, the probe should eventually end up within 1.5 light years of a star in Camelopardalis, a northern constellation that looks like a cross between a giraffe and a camel. No one knows if there are any planets around that star, nor if aliens will be in residence by the time the probe arrives. “But if they are there, maybe they will capture Voyager 1,” says mission scientist Tom Krimigis of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland.
In addition to the above silliness, the article gives a good summary of the real data that Voyager 1 is sending back about interstellar space.
Two Earth-based radio telescopes have detected the radio glow of the Voyager 1 spacecraft, now in interstellar space.
NASA has announced a press conference for later today about the Voyager spacecraft.
The rumors are that all the scientists involved with this data from this spacecraft now finally agree that Voyager has left the solar system. More to come.
The rumors were true: NASA has confirmed that Voyager 1 is out of the solar system and in interstellar space, and has been since last summer.
Astronomers have compiled the first detailed 3D map of the inner regions of the Milky Way. More here.
They find a box/peanut shaped bulge with an elongated bar and a prominent X-structure, which had been hinted at in previous studies. This indicates that the Milky Way was originally a pure disk of stars, which then formed a thin bar, before buckling into the box/peanut shape seen today.
After more than two weeks the labor strike at the ALMA telescope array in Chile has ended.
Some good news from the James Webb Space Telescope: The project manager said today that all the problems outlined in a December GAO report have been resolved.
Some of these issues are also described here.
NASA has lost contact with its Deep Impact probe and is racing against time to save it.
Cumulative data from a variety of space probes now shows that the direction of the interstellar wind has shifted during the past forty years.
A survey of planetary nebulae near the Milky Way’s central bulge has revealed that they tend to be aligned with each other.
This discovery is unexpected and suggests that the influence of the bulge, probably its magnetic field, is far greater than predicted.
Astronomers submit a slew of proposals for using the partly crippled Kepler space telescope.
Ideas range from a survey of potentially hazardous near-Earth objects to a study of Jupiter-sized exoplanets in large orbits. Kepler scientists will sort through the proposals and decide by 1 November which ones, if any, to recommend to NASA headquarters for further review.
Sadly, none of these ideas excites me very much. The tragedy here is that we have this really good optical telescope above the atmosphere, and we can’t point it accurately enough to use it.
Brazil stalls paying its share for the construction of the Extremely Large Telescope.
They signed the agreement in 2010, but can’t get their legislature to allocate the money.
Hubble sees a cosmic caterpillar.
I am always astonished at the weird loveliness of these astronomical objects. They are big, tenuous, faint, and almost impossible to see. And yet, when we tease them out of the darkness they blind us with beauty.
Using the combined power of 200,000 home computers astronomers have discovered 24 new pulsars in the Milky Way.
Astronomers have identified a star almost identical to the Sun, except that it is 4 billion years older.
They have dated this old age by the amount of lithium detected in the star.
A union strike has shut down the new ALMA telescope array in Chile.
NASA will reactivate the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) next month to use it to look for more near Earth asteroids.
This decision raises two thoughts.
