BepiColumbo about to do third Mercury flyby
In its long journey to get into orbit around Mercury, BepiColumbo needs to do nine different flybys of the inner planets, with third fly-by of Mercury coming up on June 19, 2023.
The mission launched into space on an Ariane 5 from Europe’s Spaceport in Kourou in October 2018 and is making use of nine planetary flybys: one at Earth, two at Venus, and six at Mercury, to help steer into Mercury orbit.
After this flyby, the mission will enter a very challenging part of its journey to Mercury, gradually increasing the use of solar electric propulsion through additional propulsion periods called ‘thrust arcs’ to continually brake against the enormous gravitational pull of the Sun. These thrust arcs can last from a few days up to two months, with the longer arcs interrupted periodically for navigation and manoeuvre optimisation.
The spacecraft will zip past Mercury at a height of 147 miles. If all goes well, this dual orbiter mission, carrying both a European and a Japanese orbiter will arrive in 2025, beginning a planned three year mission in different complementary orbits.
On Christmas Eve 1968 three Americans became the first humans to visit another world. What they did to celebrate was unexpected and profound, and will be remembered throughout all human history. Genesis: the Story of Apollo 8, Robert Zimmerman's classic history of humanity's first journey to another world, tells that story, and it is now available as both an ebook and an audiobook, both with a foreword by Valerie Anders and a new introduction by Robert Zimmerman.
The print edition can be purchased at Amazon or from any other book seller. If you want an autographed copy the price is $60 for the hardback and $45 for the paperback, plus $8 shipping for each. Go here for purchasing details. The ebook is available everywhere for $5.99 (before discount) at amazon, or direct from my ebook publisher, ebookit. If you buy it from ebookit you don't support the big tech companies and the author gets a bigger cut much sooner.
The audiobook is also available at all these vendors, and is also free with a 30-day trial membership to Audible.
"Not simply about one mission, [Genesis] is also the history of America's quest for the moon... Zimmerman has done a masterful job of tying disparate events together into a solid account of one of America's greatest human triumphs."--San Antonio Express-News
In its long journey to get into orbit around Mercury, BepiColumbo needs to do nine different flybys of the inner planets, with third fly-by of Mercury coming up on June 19, 2023.
The mission launched into space on an Ariane 5 from Europe’s Spaceport in Kourou in October 2018 and is making use of nine planetary flybys: one at Earth, two at Venus, and six at Mercury, to help steer into Mercury orbit.
After this flyby, the mission will enter a very challenging part of its journey to Mercury, gradually increasing the use of solar electric propulsion through additional propulsion periods called ‘thrust arcs’ to continually brake against the enormous gravitational pull of the Sun. These thrust arcs can last from a few days up to two months, with the longer arcs interrupted periodically for navigation and manoeuvre optimisation.
The spacecraft will zip past Mercury at a height of 147 miles. If all goes well, this dual orbiter mission, carrying both a European and a Japanese orbiter will arrive in 2025, beginning a planned three year mission in different complementary orbits.
On Christmas Eve 1968 three Americans became the first humans to visit another world. What they did to celebrate was unexpected and profound, and will be remembered throughout all human history. Genesis: the Story of Apollo 8, Robert Zimmerman's classic history of humanity's first journey to another world, tells that story, and it is now available as both an ebook and an audiobook, both with a foreword by Valerie Anders and a new introduction by Robert Zimmerman.
The print edition can be purchased at Amazon or from any other book seller. If you want an autographed copy the price is $60 for the hardback and $45 for the paperback, plus $8 shipping for each. Go here for purchasing details. The ebook is available everywhere for $5.99 (before discount) at amazon, or direct from my ebook publisher, ebookit. If you buy it from ebookit you don't support the big tech companies and the author gets a bigger cut much sooner.
The audiobook is also available at all these vendors, and is also free with a 30-day trial membership to Audible.
"Not simply about one mission, [Genesis] is also the history of America's quest for the moon... Zimmerman has done a masterful job of tying disparate events together into a solid account of one of America's greatest human triumphs."--San Antonio Express-News
To me, all these precision fly by maneuvers over many years is a symptom of undersized launchers. Given the time value of money and the man hours involved over the years it seems that an equivalent mission from a Falcon heavy could have producing results years ago instead of still waiting for the main event.
They Mercury on Mercury is just too High
John hare,
The problem is that the delta-v for getting into Mercury’s orbit is almost as high as launching into low Earth orbit. The flybys are an attempt to use planetary gravity (various planets) to slow down rather than send a booster-sized rocket to slow the orbiter into orbit. Since it is unmanned, and since our probes are fairly reliable, taking this much time to get somewhere interesting has become routine practice.
See this delta-v chart as an example of what it takes to get around the Solar System (please note that these are approximations based upon transfer orbits being the Hohmann transfer orbit, which (despite Hohmann’s intention) is not necessarily the lowest delta-v way to get around the Solar System*):
http://i.imgur.com/SqdzxzF.png
The orbital mechanics who designed this route used what they had at the time. If Starship becomes operational, then we should expect either a larger payload or a more brute force route for the next Mercury probe.
_________________
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohmann_transfer_orbit
Edward,
I am well aware of the reasons and methods of gravity assists. I am also well aware of the time value of information and the costs of keeping a team functional for extended periods of time. Without running the hard numbers, It is not obvious that all the meandering around saved money compared to buying a larger launcher, or using orbital refueling.. And it certainly reduced the effective duration of the mission. (time on station)
John hare,
The launcher large enough to lift the propellant needed to avoid these maneuvers does not yet exist. Orbital refueling is still a goal for the future. The time on station may not be limited by the stationkeeping propellant, it may be limited by the willingness for ESA and JAXA to continue funding the mission after it reaches the point of diminishing returns.
Missions have a limited duration. Without these limits we would still have the Lewis and Clark mission in progress, as happens with all too many government programs (government missions). Despite all of rural America having been electrified many decades ago, the Rural Electrification Act continues to fund Rural Development in the Department of Agriculture.
So I stand corrected. Some missions become their own empires that never die their natural death but plague us forever with unnecessary costs to We the American Taxpayer.
*Sigh*