Striped terrain on Mars
Click for original image.
Today’s cool image will be a mystery with the answer below the fold. Before you look at the answer, however, you must try to come up with your own explanation for the picture to the right, cropped to post here, that was taken on September 25, 2018 by the high resolution camera on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO).
What we see in this picture is what looks like a striped terrain, alternating bands of light and dark. What caused the bands? Why the different colors?
The overview map above provides some clues. The white rectangle inside Juventae Chasma near the map’s center marks the area within which this picture was taken, though the picture to the right covers only about a pixel inside that rectangle.
Can you guess what these stripes reveal, from this little information? For this quiz to work you must make a guess, but be prepared to be wrong and quickly reassess your conclusions. Such is the real scientific method, so rarely taught now in schools.
The oblique image to the right comes from a global mosaic created from all of MRO’s context camera pictures, with the rectangle in the overview map above indicating the area covered. The picture above is only a tiny area of stripes on the western slope of this terraced 8,000-foot-high mountain. The stripes indicate different sedimentary layers, with the dark bands in between probably caused by trapped Martian dust.
The scientists call these sediments hydrated sulfates, which means the sulfur here has the molecule of water chemical bound within it. Or more precisely, atoms of hydrogen and oxygen in a 2:1 ratio, suggesting that these atoms were once bound in a water molecule but then got bound into the sulfur itself.
The many sedimentary layers suggest many repeated events that slowly covered the terrain, which subsequently were exposed when Juventae Chasma was created, likely by some underground sublimation process of that water/ice. As the ice/water sublimated away it created a void that eventually caused the ceiling to collapse. What was left was this gigantic 130-mile-wide pit, essentially a sinkhole.
These layers however are deep inside Juventae. Though the mountain is about 8,000 feet high, its peak still sits another 8,000 feet below the rim of Juventae, seen in the upper left. You can see what might be a hint of these same deep layers near the bottom of the main wall of the abyss to the north, but those lines might simply be flow pattern caused by wind/ice/water from the far past.
What I see here most of all is another example of the spectacular landscape that humans will find when they finally walk the surface of Mars. The views will be breath-taking, and will make the journey forever worthwhile.
The support of my readers through the years has given me the freedom and ability to analyze objectively the ongoing renaissance in space, as well as the cultural changes -- for good or ill -- that are happening across America. Four years ago, just before the 2020 election I wrote that Joe Biden's mental health was suspect. Only in this year has the propaganda mainstream media decided to recognize that basic fact.
Fourteen years ago I wrote that SLS and Orion were a bad ideas, a waste of money, would be years behind schedule, and better replaced by commercial private enterprise. Even today NASA and Congress refuse to recognize this reality.
In 2020 when the world panicked over COVID I wrote that the panic was unnecessary, that the virus was apparently simply a variation of the flu, that masks were not simply pointless but if worn incorrectly were a health threat, that the lockdowns were a disaster and did nothing to stop the spread of COVID. Only in the past year have some of our so-called experts in the health field have begun to recognize these facts.
Your help allows me to do this kind of intelligent analysis. I take no advertising or sponsors, so my reporting isn't influenced by donations by established space or drug companies. Instead, I rely entirely on donations and subscriptions from my readers, which gives me the freedom to write what I think, unencumbered by outside influences.
Please consider supporting my work here at Behind the Black.
You can support me either by giving a one-time contribution or a regular subscription. There are five ways of doing so:
1. Zelle: This is the only internet method that charges no fees. All you have to do is use the Zelle link at your internet bank and give my name and email address (zimmerman at nasw dot org). What you donate is what I get.
2. Patreon: Go to my website there and pick one of five monthly subscription amounts, or by making a one-time donation.
3. A Paypal Donation:
5. Donate by check, payable to Robert Zimmerman and mailed to
Behind The Black
c/o Robert Zimmerman
P.O.Box 1262
Cortaro, AZ 85652
You can also support me by buying one of my books, as noted in the boxes interspersed throughout the webpage or shown in the menu above. And if you buy the books through the ebookit links, I get a larger cut and I get it sooner.
Click for original image.
Today’s cool image will be a mystery with the answer below the fold. Before you look at the answer, however, you must try to come up with your own explanation for the picture to the right, cropped to post here, that was taken on September 25, 2018 by the high resolution camera on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO).
What we see in this picture is what looks like a striped terrain, alternating bands of light and dark. What caused the bands? Why the different colors?
The overview map above provides some clues. The white rectangle inside Juventae Chasma near the map’s center marks the area within which this picture was taken, though the picture to the right covers only about a pixel inside that rectangle.
Can you guess what these stripes reveal, from this little information? For this quiz to work you must make a guess, but be prepared to be wrong and quickly reassess your conclusions. Such is the real scientific method, so rarely taught now in schools.
The oblique image to the right comes from a global mosaic created from all of MRO’s context camera pictures, with the rectangle in the overview map above indicating the area covered. The picture above is only a tiny area of stripes on the western slope of this terraced 8,000-foot-high mountain. The stripes indicate different sedimentary layers, with the dark bands in between probably caused by trapped Martian dust.
The scientists call these sediments hydrated sulfates, which means the sulfur here has the molecule of water chemical bound within it. Or more precisely, atoms of hydrogen and oxygen in a 2:1 ratio, suggesting that these atoms were once bound in a water molecule but then got bound into the sulfur itself.
The many sedimentary layers suggest many repeated events that slowly covered the terrain, which subsequently were exposed when Juventae Chasma was created, likely by some underground sublimation process of that water/ice. As the ice/water sublimated away it created a void that eventually caused the ceiling to collapse. What was left was this gigantic 130-mile-wide pit, essentially a sinkhole.
These layers however are deep inside Juventae. Though the mountain is about 8,000 feet high, its peak still sits another 8,000 feet below the rim of Juventae, seen in the upper left. You can see what might be a hint of these same deep layers near the bottom of the main wall of the abyss to the north, but those lines might simply be flow pattern caused by wind/ice/water from the far past.
What I see here most of all is another example of the spectacular landscape that humans will find when they finally walk the surface of Mars. The views will be breath-taking, and will make the journey forever worthwhile.
The support of my readers through the years has given me the freedom and ability to analyze objectively the ongoing renaissance in space, as well as the cultural changes -- for good or ill -- that are happening across America. Four years ago, just before the 2020 election I wrote that Joe Biden's mental health was suspect. Only in this year has the propaganda mainstream media decided to recognize that basic fact.
Fourteen years ago I wrote that SLS and Orion were a bad ideas, a waste of money, would be years behind schedule, and better replaced by commercial private enterprise. Even today NASA and Congress refuse to recognize this reality.
In 2020 when the world panicked over COVID I wrote that the panic was unnecessary, that the virus was apparently simply a variation of the flu, that masks were not simply pointless but if worn incorrectly were a health threat, that the lockdowns were a disaster and did nothing to stop the spread of COVID. Only in the past year have some of our so-called experts in the health field have begun to recognize these facts.
Your help allows me to do this kind of intelligent analysis. I take no advertising or sponsors, so my reporting isn't influenced by donations by established space or drug companies. Instead, I rely entirely on donations and subscriptions from my readers, which gives me the freedom to write what I think, unencumbered by outside influences.
Please consider supporting my work here at Behind the Black.
You can support me either by giving a one-time contribution or a regular subscription. There are five ways of doing so:
1. Zelle: This is the only internet method that charges no fees. All you have to do is use the Zelle link at your internet bank and give my name and email address (zimmerman at nasw dot org). What you donate is what I get.
2. Patreon: Go to my website there and pick one of five monthly subscription amounts, or by making a one-time donation.
3. A Paypal Donation:
5. Donate by check, payable to Robert Zimmerman and mailed to
Behind The Black
c/o Robert Zimmerman
P.O.Box 1262
Cortaro, AZ 85652
You can also support me by buying one of my books, as noted in the boxes interspersed throughout the webpage or shown in the menu above. And if you buy the books through the ebookit links, I get a larger cut and I get it sooner.
I have to be honest…. I spent a good 15 minutes contemplating, and could not come up with a single rational idea…. (I’m guessing anything involving tractors doesn’t count! :-)
Alien worlds are truly alien…. And we are only scratching the surface! Thanks Bob!
The phonograph needle broke…