SpaceX: Amazon’s last Leo launch violated its license, forcing 30 Starlink satellites to maneuver to avoid collision

Amazon Leo logo

SpaceX yesterday filed a letter of complaint against Amazon with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), stating that on Amazon’s last launch on February 12, 2026 it violated its license, placing its 32 satellites in a higher orbit than the 400-kilometer orbit the FCC approved, forcing 30 Starlink satellites to maneuver to avoid collision.

Worse, Amazon did not inform anyone of this change. From SpaceX’s letter:

Despite its repeated representations and related license conditions, Amazon launched eight times into orbits with insertion altitudes above 450 km without submitting any amended orbital debris mitigation plan or seeking Commission approval for such a change. Most recently, even with input from SpaceX, Amazon’s February 12, 2026, launch on Ariane 6 inserted its satellites at an altitude sufficiently high that it led to unmitigable collision risks with dozens of operational spacecraft.

To be clear, Amazon did not update its orbital debris mitigation plan. But more importantly, Amazon did not provide sufficiently accurate ephemerides to facilitate postdeployment deconfliction for that launch, which significantly increased the risks to all satellite operations near the 480 km insertion altitude as well as to inhabited spacecraft. Amazon’s lack of deconfliction forced Starlink satellites alone to perform 30 collision avoidance maneuvers within hours immediately following the Ariane launch to avoid the newly deployed satellites. Even in the presence of these maneuvers, the risk from this insertion is estimated to considerably exceed the Commission’s semi-annual reporting threshold of 1 × 10⁻⁵ for unmitigated conjunctions.

Amazon is already at risk of violating its FCC license in other ways. The license requires it to get half its 3,232 satellite constellation in orbit by July. It will not meet that requirement, and has already submitted a request for a waiver.

The violation that SpaceX cites in its letter is in many ways much more egregious. The whole point of the FCC’s licensing process is to coordinate the use of spectrum and orbital operations. The commission will not take kindly such a blatant disdain by Amazon of the FCC’s legal responsibilities. The FCC’s chairman, Brendan Carr, has already blasted Amazon in public for its slow satellite deployment, even as it repeatedly files what appear to be frivolous papers trying to block SpaceX.

Hat tip to reader Richard M.

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SpaceX files initial paperwork for going public

SpaceX logo

SpaceX yesterday filed the first confidential paperwork the the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for its initial public offering (IPO) of public stock, now targeting a June-July time frame.

The filing was reported by Bloomberg, the Wall Street Journal and Reuters, citing unnamed sources familiar with the matter. SpaceX did not immediately respond to a request for comment. The SEC said it had no comment on the matter. The filing will lead to a sale of shares by June or July, according to the published reports. Confidential filings are used by companies to share information with the SEC and investors before they have to disclose to the broader public.

How much SpaceX plans to raise through a sale of some of its shares are not yet available due to the confidential nature. But CEO and principal shareholder Elon Musk is expected to control a majority of voting shares once the details are revealed. And it could make Musk, already the world’s richest person, that much richer.

SpaceX was valued at $800 billion and xAI $230 billion at their most recent funding round in January according to PitchBook, a research firm that tracks the valuation of private companies. That puts the combined companies’ worth at more than $1 trillion.

SpaceX also now includes X (formerly Twitter) that Musk bought for $44 billion, so the combined company is actually even larger. We still do not know any details, such as the number of shares to be sold as well as the initial sale price. One rumor has indicated that SpaceX wants to reserve 30% for sale to individuals, a number much higher than usual. Other rumors say that Musk is designing the sale to make sure he remains the majority stock-holder and thus in control of all three companies.

Stock experts have predicted this stock sale could garner SpaceX as much as $75 billion in cash, which would give it the resources to not only build its proposed million-satellite data center constellation in orbit but also develop the Starship/Superheavy infrastructure to build its own data center on the Moon. And along the way SpaceX would have the funds to do its own space program to settle Mars.

If SpaceX does raise that much, it will truly become America’s space program, doing far more that NASA and much faster — financed voluntarily by the American people.

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Genesis cover

On Christmas Eve 1968 three Americans became the first humans to visit another world. What they did to celebrate was unexpected and profound, and will be remembered throughout all human history. Genesis: the Story of Apollo 8, Robert Zimmerman's classic history of humanity's first journey to another world, tells that story, and it is now available as both an ebook and an audiobook, both with a foreword by Valerie Anders and a new introduction by Robert Zimmerman.

The print edition can be purchased at Amazon or any other book seller. If you want an autographed copy the price is $60 for the hardback and $45 for the paperback, plus $8 shipping for each. Go here for purchasing details. The ebook is available everywhere for $5.99 (before discount) at amazon, or direct from my ebook publisher, ebookit. If you buy it from ebookit you don't support the big tech companies and the author gets a bigger cut much sooner.


The audiobook is also available at all these vendors, and is also free with a 30-day trial membership to Audible.
 

"Not simply about one mission, [Genesis] is also the history of America's quest for the moon... Zimmerman has done a masterful job of tying disparate events together into a solid account of one of America's greatest human triumphs."--San Antonio Express-News

SLS successfully puts Orion into orbit

SLS less than a minute after launch
SLS less than a minute after launch

NASA’s SLS rocket today successfully launched the Orion capsule, carrying three Americans and Canadian on a planned ten-day mission swinging around the Moon and back to Earth.

During the countdown there were two minor issues, the second of which causes a slight ten-minute delay in the launch. Both were resolved very quickly, though one wonders if NASA can ever do a launch with this rocket without such issues during countdown.

The crew will remain in Earth orbit until tomorrow, checking out the capsule and its systems. Once they have confirmed these are working as expected, they will then fire their engines to head to the Moon.

The live stream can be viewed here.

As this was the first U.S. government launch this year (and the first since 2022), the leader board for the 2026 launch race remains unchanged:

40 SpaceX
16 China
5 Rocket Lab
4 Russia

SpaceX continues to lead the entire world combined in total launches, as it did in both ’24 and ’25.

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Conscious Choice cover

Now available in hardback and paperback as well as ebook!

From the press release: In this ground-breaking new history of early America, historian Robert Zimmerman not only exposes the lie behind The New York Times 1619 Project that falsely claims slavery is central to the history of the United States, he also provides profound lessons about the nature of human societies, lessons important for Americans today as well as for all future settlers on Mars and elsewhere in space.

 
Conscious Choice: The origins of slavery in America and why it matters today and for our future in outer space, is a riveting page-turning story that documents how slavery slowly became pervasive in the southern British colonies of North America, colonies founded by a people and culture that not only did not allow slavery but in every way were hostile to the practice.  
Conscious Choice does more however. In telling the tragic history of the Virginia colony and the rise of slavery there, Zimmerman lays out the proper path for creating healthy societies in places like the Moon and Mars.

 

“Zimmerman’s ground-breaking history provides every future generation the basic framework for establishing new societies on other worlds. We would be wise to heed what he says.” —Robert Zubrin, founder of the Mars Society.

 

All editions are available at Amazon, Barnes & Noble, and all book vendors, with the ebook priced at $5.99 before discount. All editions can also be purchased direct from the ebook publisher, ebookit, in which case you don't support the big tech companies and the author gets a bigger cut much sooner.

 

Autographed printed copies are also available at discount directly from the author (hardback $29.95; paperback $14.95; Shipping cost for either: $6.00). Just send an email to zimmerman @ nasw dot org.

April 1, 2026 Quick space links

Courtesy of BtB’s stringer Jay. This post is also an open thread. I welcome my readers to post any comments or additional links relating to any space issues, even if unrelated to the links below.

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Court dismisses lawsuit from victims of multiple Boeing 737-Max crashes

Boeing Logo
Corrupt from top to bottom

The Fifth Circuit Court today dismissed the lawsuit by the families of the 346 victims of two Boeing 737-Max crashes, caused by Boeing’s admitted malfeasance and corruption, preventing those families from blocking a sweetheart deal between Boeing and the Justice Department that largely lets Boeing off the hook.

The court’s decision was vile in its own way, as noted by one of their lawyers:

In today’s ruling, the Circuit said that the families’ victims rights challenges to these agreements came too late to allow any remedy. But earlier, in 2023, the Circuit had said that the families’ challenges were “premature.” The fact that the families now will seemingly never receive any remedy is a cruel judicial bait-and-switch, revealing how much work remains to be done to create truly enforcable crime victims’ rights in the criminal justice system. [emphasis mine]

In other words, this court’s rulings over time essentially made it impossible for these victims to ever claim their rights under the Crime Victims’ Rights Act (CVRA).

The background: In 2018 and 2019 two of Boeing’s new 737-Max planes crashed, due to Boeing’s own design. The investigation into the crashes revealed that Boeing knew about these design flaws, lied about it to federal authorities, while doing nothing to fix the identified problems (behavior to which it has admitted). In 2021 Boeing pleaded guilty to malfeasance and corruption charges, and was given three years to clean up its act or face criminal prosecution.

When after three years Justice found Boeing had instead lied again while doing little to fix things, Justice first proceeded with prosecution, only to suddenly back off and make a plea deal that would have Boeing pay and/or invest up to $1.1 billion, about half of which would go to victims’ families.

To understand the opposition by the families to this deal, you need to read what the Justice Department determined about Boeing’s behavior.

A Justice Department investigation uncovered the fact that Boeing had lied to the FAA about the safety of the aircraft—lies that led directly and proximately to the crashes killing 346 passengers and crew. On January 7, 2021, the Justice Department filed a criminal information with a one-count conspiracy charge against Boeing, alleging that “From at least in or around November 2016 through at least in or around December 2018, in the Northern District of Texas and elsewhere, the Defendant, The Boeing Company, knowingly and willfully, and with the intent to defraud, conspired and agreed together with others to defraud the United States by impairing, obstructing, defeating, and interfering with, by dishonest means, the lawful function of a United States government agency.”

The families didn’t simply want money, they wanted justice. They wanted Boeing and its management to be prosecuted for their part in allowing 346 people to die unnecessarily.

At this moment, it appears they won’t get it, because of a similar malfeasance at the Fifth Circuit, which now seems as corrupt and as dishonest as Boeing.

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Leaving Earth cover

Leaving Earth: Space Stations, Rival Superpowers, and the Quest for Interplanetary Travel, can be purchased as an ebook everywhere for only $3.99 (before discount) at amazon, Barnes & Noble, all ebook vendors, or direct from my ebook publisher, ebookit.

If you buy it from ebookit you don't support the big oppressive tech companies and I get a bigger cut much sooner.

 

Winner of the 2003 Eugene M. Emme Award of the American Astronautical Society.

 
"Leaving Earth is one of the best and certainly the most comprehensive summary of our drive into space that I have ever read. It will be invaluable to future scholars because it will tell them how the next chapter of human history opened." -- Arthur C. Clarke

Watching the launch of the Artemis-2 mission

Artemis-2 mission flight path
The Artemis-2 flight path. Click for full animation.

The countdown for the launch of the 10-day Artemis-2 manned mission around the Moon continues, with the launch scheduled for 6:24 pm (Eastern) today.

For updates from NASA, go here. So far all is proceeding as planned. A step-by-step outline of the countdown itself can be found here.

A day-by-day detailed description of the planned mission can be found here. For the first day the crew will remain in Earth orbit in order to test the operation of their Orion capsule. To reiterate, the capsule’s life support system has not been flown in space previously, so this first day is critical. If there are any issues, the astronauts are still close to Earth and can return relatively quickly.

If no problems are detected during that first day, on day two the crew will fire the spacecraft’s engines and head to the Moon. At that point everything must function as planned for nine days as they travel out to the Moon, swing around it without going into orbit, and head back to Earth.

The return to Earth remains the most dangerous moment for this flight. During the 2022 unmanned test flight around the Moon, the heat shield design on Orion did not work as planned, with chunks breaking off in a manner that was unexpected and very concerning. NASA spent two years contemplating the issue, and decided to live with the same heat shield design for this mission, since replacing the shield would have delayed the launch at minimum two years. It has adjusted the return flight path in a way it thinks will mitigate the problem. As its engineers are only guessing at what caused the issue and could be wrong — having done no real life tests — we will not know if they are right until Orion splashes down.

We must pray that they are right.

I have embedded NASA’s live stream below.
» Read more

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March 31, 2026 Quick space links

Courtesy of BtB’s stringer Jay. This post is also an open thread. I welcome my readers to post any comments or additional links relating to any space issues, even if unrelated to the links below.

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Voyager-2 discovered Neptune to be a planet of quickly changing weather

Neptune's fast changing weather
Click for source.

Cool image time! When Voyager-2 flew past Uranus in 1986, the data showed the gas giant’s weather to be relatively sedate and quiet, with little changing during the fly-by. Scientists expected this: Uranus’s distance from the Sun meant it got little energy to fuel an active climate, with any activity produced by internal heating due to the gravitational pressure of its mass. And Uranus did not produce that much heat internally.

When Voyager-2 passed Neptune three year later, the scientists expected something similar, or even less, due to Neptune’s greater distance from the Sun. Instead, Voyager-2’s data showed Neptune’s weather patterns to be changing constantly and quickly, as illustrated by the three images of the Great Dark Spot to the right, the biggest storm on Neptune at that time and located in the planet’s southern mid-latitudes.

The bright cirrus-like clouds of Neptune change rapidly, often forming and dissipating over periods of several to tens of hours. In this sequence spanning two rotations of Neptune (about 36 hours) Voyager 2 observed cloud evolution in the region around the Great Dark Spot at an effective resolution of about 60 miles per pixel. The surprisingly rapid changes which occur over the 18 hours separating each panel shows that in this region Neptune’s weather is perhaps as dynamic and variable as that of the Earth. However, the scale is immense by our standards — the Earth and the [Great Dark Spot] are of similar size.

In Neptune’s frigid atmosphere, where temperatures are as low as 55 degrees Kelvin (-360 F), the cirrus clouds are composed of frozen methane rather than Earth’s crystals of water ice.

Subsequent observations by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1994 found this Great Dark Spot was gone, replaced by a comparable storm in the northern hemisphere. Further Hubble observations found Neptune’s storms tend to last about two years, fading as they drifted towards the equator. Those observations however also detected storms drifting away from the equator. Other research suggested the storms might be influenced by the Sun’s sunspot cycle.

All of the data post-Voyager-2 remains very coarse and uncertain, as we are looking at Neptune at a great distance. Thus, no theory about what is happening carries much weight, especially because we do not know why Neptune produces so much more internal heat than Uranus, fueling this fast-changing weather. For example, Neptune gets 1/20th of the energy received by Jupiter, yet its atmosphere appears even more active and variable.

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India’s space agency requests proposals for building landing legs for its next new rocket

NGLV as proposed in November 2025
NGLV (the two rockets in the middle) as proposed
in November 2025. Click for bigger image.

India’s space agency ISRO has issued a request for bids from the country’s commercial aerospace sector to build landing legs for its next new rocket, dubbed the Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV).

The tender, titled “Fabrication of Landing Leg Hardware with materials for Advanced Development Module for In-situ Reusable Technologies (Admire) VTVL (10 units)”, seeks industry participation in developing critical components for a vertical take-off, vertical landing (VTVL) test vehicle under the ADMIRE programme.

…According to ISRO’s tender documents, the selected vendor will be responsible for end-to-end development, including procurement of raw materials, manufacturing, quality control planning, and final delivery of landing leg hardware. The project has been structured into three distinct phases spanning approximately 12 months.

The NGLV rocket was first approved by the India government in September 2024. Since then ISRO has completed the preliminary design of its methane engine, but has also revised the rocket’s design twice, in October 2024 and again in November 2025. This new landing leg contract suggests the agency hopes to do some test hops of a first stage prototype a year from now.

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