Eroding lava layers in Mars’ volcano country
Click for original image.
Cool image time! The picture to the right, cropped, reduced, and sharpened to post here, was taken on February 28, 2025 by the high resolution camera on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO).
The scientists label this picture “enigmatic terrain.” And there are certainly mysteries here. For example, why are there scattered tiny knobs across the surface in the low areas, but not on the higher areas? Also, what caused that top layer to get stripped in places? Was it erosion from wind? Or did some other process cause that layer to vanish in these spots?
Note too that this landscape has few craters. Whatever happened here occurred recently enough that it was able to cover over the impact history from the early solar system that peppered the planets with craters as the planets formed. Though impacts continue even to this day, the impact rate is far less, which allows younger terrain like this to remain largely crater free.
The location provides us some answers, but it still leaves much of this geology a puzzlement.
The white dot on the overview map to the right marks the location, deep inside the vast flood lava plains that cover a gigantic swath of the red planet’s surface between its largest volcanoes. The spot is near the equator, inside Mars’ very dry equatorial region where no near surface ice is found. This region is also clear of the volcanic ash of the Medusae Fossae Formation to the west, south, and east. The flood lava here is also relatively old, even though young enough to have covered all the impacts from the early solar system. It is estimated that the eruptions that laid this lava down occurred sometime in that last billion years.
That age might partly explain these mysterious features. As shown in the inset, this stucco-like erosion seen in the picture above actually extends for a number of miles in all directions. It also appears to involve more than the two layers seen in the picture.
Apparently over the eons the wind of Mars stripped the top layers of this ancient lava away, with the material probably ending up as part of the ash deposits that thickly cover everything in the Medusae Fossae Formation.
Readers!
My annual February birthday fund-raising drive for Behind the Black is now over. Thank you to everyone who donated or subscribed. While not a record-setter, the donations were more than sufficient and slightly above average.
As I have said many times before, I can’t express what it means to me to get such support, especially as no one is required to pay anything to read my work. Thank you all again!
For those readers who like my work here at Behind the Black and haven't contributed so far, please consider donating or subscribing. My analysis of space, politics, and culture, taken from the perspective of an historian, is almost always on the money and ahead of the game. For example, in 2020 I correctly predicted that the COVID panic was unnecessary, that the virus was apparently simply a variation of the flu, that masks were not simply pointless but if worn incorrectly were a health threat, that the lockdowns were a disaster and did nothing to stop the spread of COVID. Every one of those 2020 conclusions has turned out right.
Your help allows me to do this kind of intelligent analysis. I take no advertising or sponsors, so my reporting isn't influenced by donations by established space or drug companies. Instead, I rely entirely on donations and subscriptions from my readers, which gives me the freedom to write what I think, unencumbered by outside influences.
You can support me either by giving a one-time contribution or a regular subscription. There are four ways of doing so:
1. Zelle: This is the only internet method that charges no fees. All you have to do is use the Zelle link at your internet bank and give my name and email address (zimmerman at nasw dot org). What you donate is what I get.
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Click for original image.
Cool image time! The picture to the right, cropped, reduced, and sharpened to post here, was taken on February 28, 2025 by the high resolution camera on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO).
The scientists label this picture “enigmatic terrain.” And there are certainly mysteries here. For example, why are there scattered tiny knobs across the surface in the low areas, but not on the higher areas? Also, what caused that top layer to get stripped in places? Was it erosion from wind? Or did some other process cause that layer to vanish in these spots?
Note too that this landscape has few craters. Whatever happened here occurred recently enough that it was able to cover over the impact history from the early solar system that peppered the planets with craters as the planets formed. Though impacts continue even to this day, the impact rate is far less, which allows younger terrain like this to remain largely crater free.
The location provides us some answers, but it still leaves much of this geology a puzzlement.
The white dot on the overview map to the right marks the location, deep inside the vast flood lava plains that cover a gigantic swath of the red planet’s surface between its largest volcanoes. The spot is near the equator, inside Mars’ very dry equatorial region where no near surface ice is found. This region is also clear of the volcanic ash of the Medusae Fossae Formation to the west, south, and east. The flood lava here is also relatively old, even though young enough to have covered all the impacts from the early solar system. It is estimated that the eruptions that laid this lava down occurred sometime in that last billion years.
That age might partly explain these mysterious features. As shown in the inset, this stucco-like erosion seen in the picture above actually extends for a number of miles in all directions. It also appears to involve more than the two layers seen in the picture.
Apparently over the eons the wind of Mars stripped the top layers of this ancient lava away, with the material probably ending up as part of the ash deposits that thickly cover everything in the Medusae Fossae Formation.
Readers!
My annual February birthday fund-raising drive for Behind the Black is now over. Thank you to everyone who donated or subscribed. While not a record-setter, the donations were more than sufficient and slightly above average.
As I have said many times before, I can’t express what it means to me to get such support, especially as no one is required to pay anything to read my work. Thank you all again!
For those readers who like my work here at Behind the Black and haven't contributed so far, please consider donating or subscribing. My analysis of space, politics, and culture, taken from the perspective of an historian, is almost always on the money and ahead of the game. For example, in 2020 I correctly predicted that the COVID panic was unnecessary, that the virus was apparently simply a variation of the flu, that masks were not simply pointless but if worn incorrectly were a health threat, that the lockdowns were a disaster and did nothing to stop the spread of COVID. Every one of those 2020 conclusions has turned out right.
Your help allows me to do this kind of intelligent analysis. I take no advertising or sponsors, so my reporting isn't influenced by donations by established space or drug companies. Instead, I rely entirely on donations and subscriptions from my readers, which gives me the freedom to write what I think, unencumbered by outside influences.
You can support me either by giving a one-time contribution or a regular subscription. There are four ways of doing so:
1. Zelle: This is the only internet method that charges no fees. All you have to do is use the Zelle link at your internet bank and give my name and email address (zimmerman at nasw dot org). What you donate is what I get.
2. Patreon: Go to my website there and pick one of five monthly subscription amounts, or by making a one-time donation.
3. A Paypal Donation or subscription:
4. Donate by check, payable to Robert Zimmerman and mailed to
Behind The Black
c/o Robert Zimmerman
P.O.Box 1262
Cortaro, AZ 85652
You can also support me by buying one of my books, as noted in the boxes interspersed throughout the webpage or shown in the menu above.
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